Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Jagat Singh II.

Key Points

• Jagat Singh II-
  • Due to Sangram Singh's death, he presided over the Hurda conference.
  • He built Jagat Niwas Palace in Pichhola lake.
  • In his reign, Maratha's attacked Mewar and collect taxes from there.
  • He was king when Afghan attacker Nadirshah attacked Delhi.

Additional Information

• Sangram Singh II-
  • He was the son of Amar Singh II.
  • He was made president of the Hurda conference. 
  • He built Sahelio ki Badi and Vaidhnath Temple in Udaipur.
• Amar Singh II-
  • He was the son of Jai Singh
  • He signed an agreement with Amer and Marwar, which was known as the Debari agreement.
• Jai Singh-
  • He was the son of Raj Singh.
  • He signed a treaty with Aurangzeb nearby Raj Samand lake in 1681 AD.
  • Jaisamand lake was built by him.

The correct answer is 1820 - 1827 A. D.

Key Points

• Major general Sir Thomas Munro was a Scottish soldier who was appointed the governor of Madras in 1820.
• He served till his death from cholera in 1827.
• He also served as an army officer in the East India Company.

Important Points

• He is behind the drafting of education policy for the Madras Presidency and the introduction of the Ryotwari system in Southern India. Ryotwari system was a system introduced by him to collect land revenue.
• According to this, peasants were the owner of the land and they had all the rights to sell or mortgage the land.
• The tax rate for dry land was 50% and wetland was 60% and if they failed to pay these taxes they were convicted by the government.
• The reason for introducing this system was to eliminate the role of middlemen as was in the zamindari system but it came up with the problem of moneylenders as they further burdened the peasants with their high-interest rates. 

Mahajanapadas refers to ancient Indian Kingdoms that existed between the 3rd and 6th centuries BCE.

• These kingdoms and republics had evolved and flourished in a belt stretching from Gandhara in the North West to Anga in the Eastern part of the Indian subcontinent.
• It included parts of the trans-Vindhyan region, prior to the rise of Buddhism in India.

Important Points

Some of the Mahajanapadas are as follows:

From the above, we can conclude that Chedi Janapad is not from Rajasthan.

• Burzahom archaeological sites have evidence of pit-dwellings.
• It is located in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian state Jammu and Kashmir.
• As per the archeological excavations, there were four phases of cultural significance between 3000 BC to 1000BC.
• Periods I and II relate to the Neolithic era, Period III relates to the Megalithic era, and IV relates to the early historical period.
• The Burzahom site revealed the transition from the subterranean and ground-level housing features of the Neolithic people to the mudbrick structures of the Megalithic people.

​​Additional Information

• Paleolithic: 
  • It is the earliest Stone age period dating 2.6 million years ago.
  • The age is distinguished by most primitive stone tools. Humans during the era grouped together in small “bands” and were involved in gathering plants, fishing, and hunting.
  • The paleolithic period is the longest in human history.
  • The age can be divided into lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic. 
  • During the end of the age, people developed spiritual and religious beliefs as depicted in some of the excavations.
• Mesolithic: It is the second period of the stone age between Paleolithic and Neolithic. The start and end of the age vary by geographical region. It is a transition period from hunting and gathering as in Paleolithic to domestication as in Neolithic. The tools used were the mode V chipped stone tools (microliths).
• Neolithic: It is the 3rd period of the stone age and is often referred to as the “New stone age”. Its time period is considered to be around 10,200 BC to 4,500BC, which ended with the beginning of the “Bronze Age”.
• Megalithic: It is a small tool made up of flint or chert, used to form the points of hunting weapons.

Nedeon was not related to Sangam State Chera.

• Sangam period (from 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD) is the phase of history which existed in ancient Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
• Udiyanjeral (or UthiyanCheralatan) was the first recorded Chera ruler of the Sangam period in ancient South India.
• He was succeeded by his son, NedumCheralathan, or NedunjeralAthan
• Nedunjaral, or Nedum, born to Udiyanjeral, was a powerful ruler who ruled the kingdom for 58 years as a Crown Prince first and then as an absolute king.
• The Cherasruled over an area including north Travancore, Cochin and South Malabar.
• The Chera Capital was located at Vanji.