Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Ashoka.

Sanchi Stupa:

• It is a Buddhist complex i.e. situated in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
• It is considered the oldest stone structure in India.
• It was designed by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka within the 3rd century BCE.
• It is also the UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Sanchi Stupa motif is a feature that can be seen in the new Rs. 200 note.
  • ​It was also known as Kakanaya, Kakanava, Kakanadabota and Bota-Sriparvata in ancient times.

​Key Points

• Ashoka was the Emperor of the Muryan Dynasty from 268 -232 BCE.
• He promoted Buddhism religion in Asia.
• During his rule, Patliputra was the capital. 

​Important Points

• UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • All those sites that have cultural, historical, scientific, or other forms of significance are considered as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
  • There are a total of 40 World Heritage Sites in India.
  • In 2019, Pink City (Jaipur) was added as the World Heritage Site of India.
  • In July 2021, Dholavira, Gujarat, and Ramappa Temple, Telangana has been added to the list. 

• Siddhartha also was known as Buddha got his enlightenment in Gaya located in the Indian state of Bihar.
• Buddha obtained enlightenment under a tree which is now popularly known as the Bodhi Tree.
• Bodh Gaya is the most sacred place for the Buddhists.
• Buddha achieved Mahaparinirvana around 484 BCE in the town of Kushinagar in north India.
• Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Alauddin Husain Shah

• The famous Saint Chaitanya of Bengal was a contemporary of Alauddin Husain Shah.
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486 - 1534) was a Vedic spiritual leader.
• He founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism.
• Chaitanya was the advocator for the Vaishnava school of Bhakti yoga.
• He is revered as Krishna.
• He popularized the chanting of the Hare Krishna mantra.
• He composed the Siksastakam (eight devotional prayers) in Sanskrit.

🔑 Key Points

• The Vijay Stambh (Tower of Victory) is located within the Chittorgarh Fort in Rajasthan.
• It was constructed by Maharana Kumbha between 1440 and 1448 AD.
• The tower commemorates his victory over the combined armies of Mahmud Khalji I of Malwa and Sultan Qutbuddin Ahmad Shah II of Gujarat in 1440 AD.

Agriculture in the Indus valley was solely dependent on good quality soil and advancements in farming techniques.

Key Points

Mehrgarh is considered to be one of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology.

• Mehrgarh is of the Neolithic Site, lies on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan.
• It is located near Balon Pass in Pakistan, which is a fertile plain.
• The site is located on the principal route between what is now Afghanistan and the Indus Valley.
• It is discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team.
• Evidence of farming and herding is found in Mehrgarh.
• Mehrgarh was a small farming and pastoralist village between 7000-5500 BC, with mud-brick houses and granaries. 
• Mehrgarh is probably the earliest known center of agriculture and herding in South Asia. 
• They cultivated six-row barley, einkorn and emmer wheat, jujubes, and dates.​

Hence, the correct answer is (4) Both A and B are true.