Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is the Luni River.

Important Points

• Tilwara civilization is in the Barmer district at the riverbank of Luni.
• The Mesolithic culture has been excavated from the Tilwara archeological site.

Additional Information

• Evidence was collected and preserved in the government museum of Barmer, Rajasthan.
• Evidence of animal husbandry is also found here.

• Ravi River - Harappan civilization
• kantli River - Sunari civilization
• Kothari River - Bagore civilization

The correct answer is in 1897.

• Vivekanand established Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.

Key Points

• Ramakrishna Mission:
  • It was established by Swami Vivekananda in 1897.
  • The main aim of the mission was to carry on relief and social work after death of his Guru Rama Krishna Paramahansa in 1897 AD.
• Swami Vivekananda
  • His original name was Narendranath Dutt.
  • He attended the Parliament of Religions held at Chicago in 1893 AD and published two papers, Prabhudhha Bharat in English and Udbodhana in Bengali.
  • He urged people to inculcate the spirit of liberty, equality and free-thinking.
  • He worked for the emancipation of women.
  • He emerged as a preacher of Neo-Hinduism.
  • He advocated the Doctrine of Service–the service of all human beings.
  • He was considered the spiritual father of the modern nationalist movement.

The correct answer is Lord Hardinge II.

Key Points

• Lord Hardinge II was the viceroy of India from 1910 to 1916. During this period the following events occurred in India:
  • Annulment of Partition of Bengal in 1911
  • Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
  • Establishment of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1915

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon(1899-1905):
  • Appointment of Police Commission(1902)
  • Appointment Of Universities Commission(1902)
  • Indian Universities Act(1904)
  • Partition Of Bengal(1905)
• Lord Dalhousie(1848-1856):
  • Second Anglo-Sikh War(1848-49)
  • The annexation of Lower Burma(1852)
  • Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane(1853)
  • Establishment of PWD
• Lord William Bentick(1828-1835):
  • Abolition of Sati System(1829)
  • Charter Act of 1833

The Correct Answer is Option (3) i.e C -

• The most significant feature of Indus Valley civilization was the buildings made of the bricks.
• Indus Valley Civilization is also known as Harappan Civilization, which flourished around 2500 BC in Pakistan and Western India.
• Some of the important Harappan sites are - Harappa (Pakistan), Mohenjodaro (Pakistan), Sutkagendor (Pakistan), Chanhudaro (Pakistan), Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Lothal and Surkotada (Gujarat), Banawali (Haryana), Dholavira (Gujarat), etc
• In 1924, John Marshall, Director-General of Archaeological Society of India (ASI), announced the discovery of a new civilization in the Indus Valley to the World.
• Indus Valley Civilization was the largest of the ancient urban civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China.
• ASI was founded by Alexander Cunningham in the year 1861.

Additional Information 

• The Indus Valley Civilization was spread from present-day North-East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India. This civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus. Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system. Important facts to be remembered 
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.
• Name of the major cities are given below:
  • Mohenjodaro (Sind)-It is located on the right bank of the Indus.
  • Kalibangan (Rajasthan)-It was on the banks of the river Ghaggar river
  • Chanhudaro-It lies on the left bank of the Indus in the south of Mohenjodaro.
  • Lothal- It is located at the head of the Gulf of Cambay.
  • Surkotada (Gujarat)-It is at the head of the Rann of Kutch.
  • Banawali (Haryana)-It was situated on the banks of the now-extinct Sarasvati
  • Dholavira (Gujarat)-It excavated is in the Kutch district

🔑 Key Points

• The 'Battle of Ten Kings' (Dasarajna Yuddha) is a prominent event mentioned in the Rigveda.
• It was fought between King Sudas of the Tritsu dynasty (a Bharata king) and a confederacy of ten tribes.