Question Discussion & Solution

All but 9 sold means all except 9 sold.

So he sold all the coconuts except 9.

Explanation-

Mitochondria

• Kolliker first observed mitochondria.
• Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration.
• Most of the oxidative metabolism and ATP production takes place in mitochondria.
• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Their organic compounds are broken down to release and store metabolic energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Chromoplast

• Plastids are found in all plant cells and in euglenoids.
• Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts.
• The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll is the photosynthesis pigment.

Lysosome

• Lysosomes are membrane-bound structures.
• It is formed by the process of packaging in the Golgi apparatus.
• These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• Lysosome containing undigested material and eliminated.
• Lysosomes dispose of waste of the cell.

Golgi body 

• Golgi complex is made up of four parts - Cisternae, Tubules, Golgian vacuoles, and vesicles.
• The Golgi body gets the materials from E.R. through its cis-face.
• The materials are modified by the Golgi body.
• After modification, the materials are packed in vesicles.
• These vesicles are pinched off from the trans face of the Golgi body.

Therefore the correct option is  (a - ii, b - iv, c - i, d - iii).

Explanation:

• One of the most important contributors to the early construction of the periodic table was Russian scientist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeléev.
• Mendeleev Periodic Table was introduced in 1869, following the rejection of Newlands Octave Law.
• Elements were arranged in Mendeleev's periodic chart according to their fundamental property, atomic mass, and chemical characteristics.
• Only 63 elements were known at Mendeleev's time.
• Mendeleev discovered that the properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic mass in a periodic pattern after analysing their qualities.
• He ordered the elements in the periodic table so that those with comparable properties were in the same vertical columns.
• He developed a periodic law based on this finding, which states:- “The periodic function of an element's atomic mass is its property.”
• Demerits -  
  1. He couldn't find hydrogen in the periodic chart.
  2. Moving from one element to the next caused an irregular increase in atomic mass. As a result, the amount of elements that have yet to be identified is unpredictable.
  3. Isotopes were not considered. Later on, isotopes of elements that defied Mendeleev's periodic law were discovered.​ 

Additional Information

Mendeleev left places for undiscovered elements. 

• scandium, gallium and germanium, discovered later, have properties similar to Eka–boron, Eka–aluminium and Eka–silicon, respectively. So undiscovered elements were named also by Mendeleevs. 
• It was not very strictly based on increasing order of atomic mass.  For example, cobalt (atomic mass 58.9) appeared before nickel (atomic mass 58.7) based on periodic properties. 
• Noble gases can easily get adjusted in Mendeleev periodic table even they were discovered after the periodic table. 

Judge is the head in the court while the Principal is the head in a college.

• Charles Robert Darwin,in his book “The Origin of Species”, gave the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
• Gregor Johann Mendel, also known as the father of genetics, gave the Law of Inheritance.
• The theory of origin of life on earth proposed by Haldane was confirmed by the experiments conducted by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey in 1953.