Question Discussion & Solution

• Indus Valley Civilization is the largest ancient civilization.
• John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term ‘Indus Valley Civilisation’.
• The Indus Valley Civilisation belongs to the Protohistoric Period (Chalcolithic Age/Bronze Age).
• Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa Civilisation in 1921.

🔑 Key Points

• Maharana Pratap of Mewar is celebrated for his relentless resistance against the Mughal Empire, particularly Emperor Akbar.
• He fought the Battle of Haldighati in 1576 against the Mughal forces led by Man Singh I.

Bhimbetka caves in Madhya Pradesh are the finest example of pre-historic cave paintings and murals. This archaeological site of central India is situated near Bhopal and spans the prehistoric Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods. Few paintings at the Bhimbetka rock shelters are about 3,000 years old.

The correct answer is Kolkata, 1896.

Key Points

• 'Vande Mataram' song was sung for the first time at the Indian National Congress session at Kolkata in 1896.
• The president of the Kolkata session was Rahmatullah M. Sayani.
• Vande Mataram song:
  • The song was Sung by Rabindranath Tagore.
  • The song was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1874.
  • The song was published in the Bengali novel Anandamath in 1882.

​​​Important Points

• Indian National Congress(INC):
  • Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885.
  • Father of INC: Allan Octavian Hume
• List of Important Indian National Congress sessions:

The correct answer is Pataliputra.

Key Points

• Pataliputra was the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
• The empire lasted from 321 to 185 BCE.
• The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya and the most popular ruler of the empire was Ashoka.
• Mauryan dynasty had three important rulers:
  • Chandragupta
  • Bindusara
  • Ashoka

 Thus, we can say that Pataliputra was the capital of the Mauryan Empire.

Additional Information

• The most important cities of the empire were the capital Pataliputa, Ujjain and Taxila.