Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is ​Widespread discontentment among peasants against oppressive practices of Zamindars.

Key Points

• The Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 was an enactment of the Bengal British government that defined the rights of zamindars lords and their tenants in response to a widespread peasant revolt.
• It was mainly in response to widespread peasant discontent against oppressive practices of Zamindars emerging from Act X of 1859.
  • The zamindars resorted to enhanced rents beyond legal limits and prevented the tenants from acquiring occupancy rights under Act X of 1859.  
• During the 1870s and 1880s, large parts of Eastern Bengal witnessed agrarian unrest caused by oppressive practices of the zamindars, popularly referred to as Pabna Agrarian Revolt.
• To achieve their ends, the zamindars resorted to forcible evictions, seizure of cattle and crops and prolonged, costly litigation in courts where the poor peasant found himself at a disadvantage.  
• Having had enough of the oppressive regime, the peasants of Yusufshahi Pargana in Patna district formed an agrarian league or combination to resist the demands of the zamindars.  
• The League organised a rent strike where the ryots refused to pay the enhanced rents, challenging the zamindars in the courts.
• Funds were raised by ryots to fight the court cases.
• The struggles spread throughout Patna and to other districts of then East Bengal. 
• The main form of struggle was that of legal resistance; there was very little violence.
• Though the peasant discontent continued to linger on till 1885, most of the cases had been solved, partially through official persuasion and partially because of zamindars' fears.
• Many peasants were able to acquire occupancy rights and resist enhanced rents. The Government also passed the Bengal Tenancy Act in 1885.
• A number of young Indian intellectuals including Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, R.C. Dutt and the Indian Association under Surendranath Banerjee supported the peasants' cause.

The Correct Answer is 1920.

Key Points

• The Non-Cooperation Movement was the beginning of the Gandhian Movement against the British.
• The non-co-operation campaign was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi on 1st August 1919.
• The Movement was initiated in support of the Khilafat Movement.
• The Movement started with strikes and processions all over India.
• On 4 September 1920, Congress met at Calcutta in a special session.
• This special session was presided by Lala Lajpat Rai. 

The correct answer is Lord Hardinge II.

Key Points

• Lord Hardinge II was the viceroy of India from 1910 to 1916. During this period the following events occurred in India:
  • Annulment of Partition of Bengal in 1911
  • Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
  • Establishment of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1915

Additional Information

• Lord Curzon(1899-1905):
  • Appointment of Police Commission(1902)
  • Appointment Of Universities Commission(1902)
  • Indian Universities Act(1904)
  • Partition Of Bengal(1905)
• Lord Dalhousie(1848-1856):
  • Second Anglo-Sikh War(1848-49)
  • The annexation of Lower Burma(1852)
  • Laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane(1853)
  • Establishment of PWD
• Lord William Bentick(1828-1835):
  • Abolition of Sati System(1829)
  • Charter Act of 1833

The correct answer is 1829 AD.

• The Bengal Sati Regulation which banned the Sati practice in all jurisdictions of British India was passed on 4 December 1829 by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck.

Key Points

• Sati is a practice among Hindu communities where a recently widowed woman, either voluntarily or by force, immolates herself on her deceased husband's pyre.
• The woman who immolates herself is called a Sati which is also interpreted as a chaste woman or a good and devoted wife.
• Raja Rammohan Roy was a vociferous campaigner against Sati.
• Lord William Bentinck helped Raja Rammohan Roy to suppress many prevalent social evils like Sati, polygamy, child marriage, and female infanticide.

The correct answer is Ajmer.

Key Points

• Ajmer-Merwara was the Union Territory in Rajasthan before integration.
  • Ajmer was a separate state within India from 1950 to 1956 as the capital of India.
  • The state of Ajmer was formed in 1950 from the territory of the erstwhile province of Ajmer-Merwara, which became a province of the Indian Union on 15 August 1947.

Additional Information

• Udaipur / Mewar was the oldest princely state of Rajasthan.
• Jodhpur (Marwar) is the largest princely state of Rajasthan by area.
• Karauli (November 15, 1817) was the first princely state that had a treaty with the British.
  • ​Kota Principality (December 1817) was the Second Princely State that had a treaty with the British.
  • Sirohi (September 1823) was the last principality of Rajasthan that had a treaty with the British.