Question Discussion & Solution

The Upanishads are ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism, some of which are shared with religious traditions like Buddism and Jainism.

The Katha Upanishad is one of the primary Upanishads which was embedded in the last short eight sections of Katha school of the Krishna Yajurveda.

The well-known dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama is mentioned in Kathopanishad.

The correct answer is Rana Lakha.

Key Points

• Rana Lakha-
  • He was the son of Rana Kshetra Singh.
  • In his reign, Pichola Lake was built by Pichhu Banjara.
  • Jhoting Bhatt and Dhaneshwar Bhatt were Sanskrit scholars who lived in his court.
  • He defeated Gyasuddin II in Badnore and ended a tax Trithkar, which was taken from Hindu Population.

 Additional Information

• Rana Kumbha-
  • He was the son of Maharana Mokal.
    He built Kirti Stambh on the occasion of Malwa's victory.
    He built Kushal Mata Temple in Badnore, Bhilwara in 1457 AD.
    Kumbhalgarh, Basantpur, Achalgarh, Bairath, Bhomath, etc forts were built by him.
• Rana Pratap-
  • He was the son of Uday Singh.
    He was known as Kika.
    He fought the Haldi Ghati war with Man Singh in 1576 AD.
    He established Chawand as an emergency capital.
    He used the Guerilla war system in fights. 
• Rana Sanga-
  • He was the son of Raimal.
  • He is known as Hindupath.
  • He fought Khatoli battle with Ibrahim Lodi in 1517-18 AD.
  • He also fought Badi, Gagron, Bayana, and Khanwa battles.

The correct answer is Lothal.

Key Points

Lothal:

• A massive dockyard was found in the Harappan city of Lothal. (Hence option 3 is correct.)
• Harappa port-town of Lothal is located along the Bhogava river, a tributary of Sabarmati, in the Gulf of Khambat.
• This was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell, and metal.

Indus Civilization:

• It is also known as the Harappan Civilization.
• Time period: 2300 and 1750 BCE
• The main occupations of the people were agriculture and the domestication of animals.
• Trade was of the barter type.
• Bronze and copper vessels are outstanding examples of the Harappan metal craft.
• Town planning: 
  • Grid system: Roads were wide and cut each other at a right angle, houses were built in a systematic manner.
  • Use of burnt bricks
  • Every house had its own courtyard and bathroom.
  • Underground drainage system (connecting all houses to the street drains)

Additional Information

The correct answer is Sutta pitaka.

Key Points

• The main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha is mentioned in Sutta Pitaka which is divided into five Nikayas or collections:
  • Digha Nikaya
  • Majjhima Nikaya
  • Samyutta Nikaya
  • Anguttara Nikaya
  • Khuddaka Nikaya

Additional Information

• Tripitaka is a Sanskrit word meaning 'Three Basket'.
• The most important lessons of Buddhism are mentioned in Tripitakas written in the Pali language. They are:
  • Sutta Pitaka
  • Vinaya Pitaka
  • Abhidhamma Pitaka
• Dipavamsa - It contains the history of the Island when Buddhism was expanded in Sri Lanka.
• Dhammasangani - It contains the summary of Buddhism.
• Manu Smriti - It means 'Laws of Manu' and contains the religious instructions for the Hindus.

• Siddhartha also was known as Buddha got his enlightenment in Gaya located in the Indian state of Bihar.
• Buddha obtained enlightenment under a tree which is now popularly known as the Bodhi Tree.
• Bodh Gaya is the most sacred place for the Buddhists.
• Buddha achieved Mahaparinirvana around 484 BCE in the town of Kushinagar in north India.
• Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath.