Question Discussion & Solution

Option 3 is correct, i.e. p-block.

• Modern Periodic Table:
  • The Modern Periodic Table is classified into the following elements - p-block, s-block, d-block, and f-block.
  • The p-block elements include chalcogens, pnictogens, halogens, inert gases.
    • The 18^th group is known as Inert gas, zero groups, Nonreactive gases.
    • The 17^th group is known as Halogen.
    • The 16^th group is known as Chalcogen.
    • The 15^th group known as Pnictogen.
    • Pnictogen group refers to the choking property of nitrogen gas (as opposed to air, which contains oxygen as well as nitrogen).
    • Nitrogen family elements consist of atoms having 5 electrons in their outer energy level. Two of the electrons are in the s subshell, with 3 unpaired electrons in the ​p subshell.
  • The s-block elements include alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. 
  • The d-block elements include Transition elements.
  • The f-block elements include Inner Transition Elements.

Key PointsBiogas:

• Biogas is an emerging renewable, non-conventional energy source that is obtained through the degradation of organic matter by bacteria under anaerobic conditions.
• The major constituent of biogas is Methane.
• Biogas is usually made up of around 50-70% methane (CH4) and 25-45% carbon dioxide (CO2), with other gases such as hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), watervapour (H2O), Nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), ammonia (NH3) making up the rest.
• It is released when Cow, Buffalo, and Pig manure is processed anaerobically i.e. in the absence of Oxygen.
• Biogas can be used for Space Heating, Generation of Electricity, Fuel for Cooking, etc.

Important Points

Advantages of Biogas - 

• ​Biogas burns without smoke; hence no harmful gas such as CO₂, CO, NO₂, and SO₂ are evolved.
• The slurry produced after the production of biogas is used as manure in fields.
• The method of disposal is safe and efficient and hence no space is wasted in the form of landfills.
• Biogas plants require very little installation costs and become self-sufficient in a span of 3-4 months.
• Work opportunity for thousands of people is created, especially in rural areas.

Thus, Biogas is a non-conventional type of natural resource.

Additional Information

There are basically two sources of energy:

The correct answer is Kwashiorkor.

Key Points

• Kwashiorkor disease of caused by protein deficiency.
• Kwashiorkor, also known as “edematous malnutrition” because of its association with edema (fluid retention), is a nutritional disorder most often seen in regions experiencing famine.
• It is a form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet. People who have kwashiorkor typically have an extremely emaciated appearance in all body parts except their ankles, feet, and belly, which swell with fluid.

Important Points

• Most people who are affected by kwashiorkor recover fully if they are treated early.
• Treatment involves introducing extra calories and protein into the diet. Children who develop kwashiorkor may not grow or develop properly and may remain stunted for the rest of their lives.
• There can be serious complications when treatment is delayed, including coma, shock, and permanent mental and physical disabilities. Kwashiorkor can be life-threatening if it’s left untreated.
• It can cause major organ failure and eventually death.

Additional Information

Binary semaphores are also known as Mutex locks, as they are locks that provide mutual exclusion.

Explanation:-

Binary semaphores:- This is also known as mutex lock. It can have only two values 0 and 1. Its value is initialized to 1. It is used to implement the solution of critical section problems with multiple processes.

 Important PointsCounting semaphores:- Its value can range over an unrestricted domain. It is used to control access to a resource that has multiple instances

Using mutex:- A mutex provides mutual exclusion, either producer or consumer can have the key (mutex) and proceed with their work. 

Shared variable:- A semaphore is a shared variable that is used to implement mutual exclusion between system processes.
 Additional InformationSemaphore used:- Semaphores are typically used in one of two ways: To control access to a shared device between task. A Printer is a good example. You don'twant 2 tasks sent to the printer at once, so you create a binary semaphore to control printer access.

The correct answer is about 70% water.

Important Points

• The Top Four Elements Found in the Human Body: oxygen (65%), carbon (18.5%), hydrogen (9.5%), nitrogen (3.2%).
• The other trace elements (less than 0.01%) are boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), fluorine (F), iodine (I), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).
• The six major nutrients are carbohydrates (CHO), lipids (fats), proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
• The functions of water in the human body:
  • Water carries nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.
  • Water is required for breathing.
  • Water regulates your body temperature.
  • Water protects and cushions vital organs.
  • Water cushions joints.
  • Water removes waste.

Key Points

• Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant mineral in the body and is essential for a number of vital functions.
  • Also helps muscles relax and contract, important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health.
• Iron (Fe), Part of a molecule (haemoglobin) found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body, needed for energy metabolism.
• Iodine found in thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism.
• Chromium works closely with insulin to regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels.