Question Discussion & Solution

Temporal cohesion:

When a module contains functions that are related by the fact that these functions are executed in the same time span, then the module is said to possess temporal cohesion.

Example of Temporal cohesion,

Answer: Option 3

Concept:

Tree:

• A tree consists of nodes or vertices that store information and often are labeled by a number or a letter.
• A tree consists of directed edges or undirected edges or both.
• The number of subtrees of a node is called its degree.
• A leaf or a terminal node is a node of degree zero
• A node that is not a leaf is called an interior node or an internal node
• The degree of a node is the number of its children. The degree of a tree is the maximum degree of any of its nodes.

Ancestors of a node in a Tree: 

The ancestor nodes of a node are all parent nodes of that particular node.

Explanation: 

Consider the following Binary Tree 

Every node except the root node (A) has ancestors.

Hence in a tree, the only node that has no ancestors is the root node. (only one node possible)

Additional Information

Full Binary Tree: 

A full binary tree is a binary tree in which each node has exactly two or 0 children.

Complete Binary Tree:

A complete binary tree is a binary tree in which

1. except last level tree is completely filled.
2. The last level is filled from left to right.

Perfect Binary Tree: 

A perfect binary tree is a binary tree in which

1. all interior node or internal nodes has 2 children.
2. all leaves are at the same level.

Balanced Binary Tree: 

A Balanced Binary tree is a binary tree in which at any node height of the left subtree and right subtree do not differ by more than 1.

Important Points

1. A tree with n nodes has n - 1 edge.

2.  consider a nonempty binary tree with n0 leaves and n2 nodes of degree two (internal nodes). Then
n0 = n2 + 1
Applications of Trees: 
1. Huffman Coding
2. Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions using Expression trees

Concept

The javac command in Java compiles a program from a command prompt.

It reads a Java source program from a text file and creates a compiled Java class file.

Syntax

javac filename [options]

For example, to compile a program named Abc.java, use this command:

javac Abc.java

Explanation:

Bus: In computer architecture, a bus (related to the Latin “omnibus”, meaning “for all”) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.

The types of buses are:

Address Bus:

• It is a unidirectional Bus, which is responsible for only one-way communication.

Data Bus:

• It is a bi-directional bus.
• Data and Instructions pass through this bus to reach the microprocessor.
• This is responsible for the exchange of information between the main memory and microprocessor.

Control Bus:

• This is a unidirectional bus.
• This tells whether read or write, which operation should be performed that is in which direction the data should flow.

So Utility Bus is not a type of bus used in computer architecture, hence option 4 is the correct answer.

After completing the figure draw bellow

Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.