Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Transpiration.

• Transpiration is the loss of water from a plant in the form of water vapour.

 Additional Information

• The amount of water that plants transpire varies greatly geographically and over time.
• The transpiration depends upon
  • Temperature,
  • Relative humidity,
  • Wind and air movement,
  • Soil moisture availability and
  • Type of plant.

Guttation

• Guttation is the loss of water in the form of water droplets from hydathodes (small pores) on the leaf margin of some vascular plants.

Evaporation

• Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapour.

Translocation

• The movement of sucrose and other substances like amino acids around a plant is called translocation.

The correct answer is Twelve.

• Twelve members are nominated by the President in Rajya Sabha.

Key Points

• Rajya Sabha [Article 80]:
  • Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution. Its maximum strength is 250. The total membership of the present Rajya Sabha is 245 however one-third members retire every second
    year.
  • Their seats are filled up by fresh elections and a presidential nomination at the beginning of every third year.
  • There are no seats reserved for SCs and STs in Rajya Sabha.
  • Representation of People Act (1951) provided the term of office of a member of the Rajya Sabha shall be six years. 
  • In the Rajya Sabha, 12 members are nominated by the President from persons having special knowledge or practical experience of literature, science, art and social service.
  • The President is empowered to nominate not more than two Anglo Indian members to the Lok Sabha if that community is not adequately represented in that House.

i) Point B is 3m North of point A.

ii) Point C is 3m West of point B.

iii) Point D is 5m South of point C.

iv) Point E is 7m East of point D.

Drawing the Diagram as per the given information:

Thus we can se direction of E is South-East with reference to point B.

Hence, the correct is "South-East".

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Jalore.

• Drum Folk Dance:
  • It is performed on marriages by only men in Jalore.
  • In this dance, five men beat huge drums that are tied around their necks.
  • One dancer holding a huge cymbal in their hands, also accompany the drummers.
  • One dancer holds a naked sword on his mouth and juggles with the other three dancers.
  • Important person: Jay Narayan Vyas.
• Bindori:
  • It is the folk dance of Jhalawar.
  • This dance is to be done on the occasion of marriage or Holi.
  • The dancer wears Dhoti Kurta and dance in the group.
  • This dance is performed with the help of a stick. It looks like the Garba dance of Gujrat.
• Bhavai Folk Dance:
  • It is performed in the regions of Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Banswara, Dungarpur.
  • Performed by male or female dancers on the occasions of marriages.
  • Bhavai dance basically involves women dancers balancing 8 to 9 earthen-pots (matki’s) on their heads and dancing simultaneously.
  • Additionally, dancers also put their feet on the top of glass pieces or on the edge of a naked sword or on the rim os a brass thali (plate) during the performance.

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests.

Key Points

• Tropical Deciduous Forests
  • These are the most widespread forests in India.
  • They are also called the monsoon forests because the trees in these forests shed their leaves during the dry season and re-grow during the monsoon. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 70-200 cm. 
  • The average temperature of Tropical Deciduous forests is 30oC. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • The humidity in these forests lies in the range of 80-90 per cent.
  • The prime feature of these forests as trees shed their leaves in the dry season and grow back leaf in rainy seasons.
  • Major states where tropical deciduous forests are found:
    • Madhya Pradesh
    • Uttar Pradesh
    • Chhattisgarh
    • Jharkhand
    • Odisha
    • Maharashtra 
    • Some parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
  • On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further divided into
    • Moist Deciduous
    • Dry Deciduous
• Moist Deciduous forests
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 100-200 cm.
  • These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of the Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, and Odisha.
  • Teak, Sal, Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum, and Sandalwood, etc. are the main species of these forests. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.​
• Dry Deciduous forests
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 70-100 cm.
  • These forests are found in the rainy areas of Peninsular India, Plains of Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
  • In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a parkland landscape with open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of grass are common.
  • As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around.
  • Tendu, Palas, Amaltas, Bel, Khair, Axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests.

Additional Information

• Tropical Thorn Forests
  • Tropical Thorn Forests are found in areas having less than 50cm of Rainfall.
  • A variety of Grasses and Shrubs are found in these thorn forests.
  • They are present in dry and semi-dry areas of south-west Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat,
  • Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • In Tropical Thorn Forest, Trees remain leafless for the most part of the year
  • Tussocky Grass grows up to 2m in these areas. 
• ​Montane Forests​
  • Evergreen type of vegetation is prevalent in montane forests.
  • Generally, they are conical in shape so that it is easy for the snow to slide down.
  • Montane Forest is an ecosystem found in mountains.
    • These forests can be found in the higher hilly areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, also in the region of Eastern Himalayas to the east of 88°E longitude including the hills of Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
  • Some significant trees of the montane temperate forest are rhododendrons, ferns, oak, maple, juniper, deodar, chilgoza, etc.
• Tropical Evergreen Forests
  • ​Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbor many types of plants and animals.
  • These forests are found in the areas receiving heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annual rainfall).
  • Therefore, these forests always appear green and are known as evergreen forests.
  • The greatest single area of tropical evergreen forest is the Amazon Basin, in the northern half of South America.
  • In India, evergreen forests are found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats in States such as Kerala and Karnataka. They are also found in the hills of Jaintia and Khasi.
  • Evergreen forests are found in the Assam Valley, the foothills of the eastern Himalayas, and the lower parts of the Naga Hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Manipur.
  • Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and cinchona are some of the commercially important trees that grow in the tropical evergreen forests.