Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Esterification.

Key Points

• Esterification -
  • Acid + Alcohol = Ester
  • It is a chemical reaction that forms at least one ester.
  • Esters are produced when acids are heated with alcohol.

Additional Information

• Crystallization -
  • The process of obtaining a pure solid in the form of crystals from a saturated solution is called crystallization.
  • In crystallization, the solution is first evaporated to separate a solid from the solution.
  • When the solution becomes very concentrated, the solution is cooled slowly by stopping evaporation, causing crystals to form.
• Saponification -
  • The saponification of a fat or oil is done by using NaOH solution for the hot process.
  • Saponification to the sodium salt of myristic acid takes place with NaOH in water.
  • Soap is formed by a chemical reaction by heating an aqueous solution of vegetable oil or fat and caustic soda or caustic potash, and glycerol is liberated.

The correct answer is Energy.

• Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed.

Key Points

• First Law of Thermodynamics:
  • It is also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy and states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
  • Thermodynamics was discovered by Ludwig Boltzmann.
  • Albert Einstein also said that "Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be changed from one form to another."

Additional Information

• Force is that external cause which when acts on a body, changes or tries to change the initial state of the body.
  • Force = mass × acceleration
  • Its S.I. unit is Newton (kg. m s-2)
• Momentum is the property of a moving body and is defined as the product of mass and velocity of the body.
• It is a vector quantity.
  • Its SI unit is kg m/s.
• The rate of doing work is called power.
  • SI unit of power is watt or Joule Per second named as a respect to the scientist James Watt.
  • It is a scalar quantity.

The correct answer is the stem.

Key Points

• Jute fibers are the bast fibers, generally soft and shiny.
• Jute is a natural fibre.
• Jute fiber consists of plant material cellulose and lignin.
• The jute fibrous are separated from the stem by using the following process: 
• The process includes three steps:
  • Retting
  • Stripping
  • Picking 
• Retting means soaked in water. In this process, the stem of jute plants is taken and made into bundles.
• These bundles are immersed in slow-running water, so the bundle gets wetted.
• Stripping process - In this process the non-fibrous thing is separated from the bundles. This process is done by hand.
• Picking process - After stripping the workers picked the fibrous from the mass of the stem. So, jute fiber is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
• The wetting process is of two types:
  • Ribbon wetting
  • Stem wetting After wetting the stripping process is done.

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• Bast fibers are the fibers extracted from the past which surround the stem.
• Bast is also known as phloem.
• Jute is also called golden fiber due to its golden color and high economical value.
• It is a biodegradable and recyclable fiber. Jute fibers are used to make mats, twins and ropes, gunny sacks, and bags. Jute fiber has high tensile strength, smooth luster, and is silky and shiny.
• The main source of jute fibre is Corchorus olitorius.

The correct answer is option 3 i.e. the Atomic Number

• The periodic table is based on Atomic Number.
• The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. 
• The periodic table is managed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC.
• In 1869, Dimitri Mendeleev included 63 known elements arranged according to increasing atomic weight. But there were many elements he could not place in the periodic table and with the discovery of new noble elements, there was a need to arrange the elements. Henry Moseley later arranged the elements in the periodic table by their number of protons rather than their atomic weights.
• The modern periodic table orders the elements according to increasing atomic number rather than increasing atomic weight.
• There are 118 elements in a periodic table. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in the modern periodic table.
• On moving from left to right in a period, the size of atoms(atomic size) decreases.
• On moving from left to right in a period, the metallic character of elements decreases, whereas the non-metallic character increases.
• While going down in a group of the periodic table, the size of atoms increases (or atomic size increases).
• While going down in a group of the periodic table, the metallic character of elements increases.
• Electronegativity and reactivity of non-metals increase along the period and decrease down the group.

The correct answer is New Delhi.

• The "Indian Sports Summit - Fitness: $ 10 Billion Opportunity" was organized in New Delhi.

Key Points

• The event was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• The aim event was focused on driving objective of ‘Sports and Industry’ by various initiatives, advocating for new policies for the sector, encourage investments in the sector of sports, create a roadmap in encouraging fitness programmes in school education and industry participation in the FIT INDIA Movement.
• Current Youth Affairs and Sports Minister is Mr Kiren Rijiju.