Question Discussion & Solution

Concept:

• Social evils or social issues are referred to any undesirable condition that is opposed by society or by a section of society.
• Some major issues are the caste system, poverty, dowry system, child labour, religious conflicts, etc.

Explanation:

Child labour:

• Child labour refers to the exploitation of children through any form of work that deprives children of their childhood.
• Any activity that interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally, physically, socially and morally harmful.
• Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was enacted by the Ministry of Law and Justice on 30th July 2016.
• This Act amended the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.
• According to this Act:
  • No child shall be employed or permitted to work in any occupation or process.
  • Criteria of a child - A person below the age of 14 yrs.
• Although these laws do not consider all work by children as child labour.
• Exceptions include work by child artists, family duties and supervised training.
• Child labour is more prevalent in the cities where the standard of living is high and children have to work to support their families.

Dowry System:

• Dowry, or the custom of accepting gifts by the bridegroom’s parents from to bride’s parents as part of a marriage settlement.
• Dowry is the money, valuables, goods, estate or property which the bride party gives to the groom's party in exchange for marriage.
• The Dowry system is most prevalent in village areas where people are uneducated and a girl is considered as a burden on their family.
• With upcoming times, this practice is not that common in urban areas.
• To prevent the system of dowry, The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was enacted.

Important Points

• Both child labour and the dowry system are social evils.
• They both are punishable offences.

Thus, 

Dowry and child labour are punishable offences: Correct

Dowry and child labour are necessary evils: Incorrect

Dowry and child labour are common in the villages: Incorrect

Dowry and child labour are common in cities: Incorrect

The pattern followed here is:

Hence, '41' is the correct answer.

The correct answer is Governor of Rajasthan.

• The Governor of Rajasthan is the President of West Zone Culture Center, Udaipur.

Key Points

• West Zone Culture Center, Udaipur:
  • The Zonal Cultural Centres were developed in order to promote, develop and link the various arts with people living in urban, rural, and tribal areas of India. 
  • The headquarters of the West Zone Culture Center is located in the Bagore-Ki-Haveli, Udaipur.
  • It was established in 1986-1987.
  • The Governor of Rajasthan is the  President of West Zone Culture Center, Udaipur.
  • Kalraj Mishra is the Governor of Rajasthan

Additional Information

• The Governor:
  • The Governor is the Constitutional Head of the State and the same Governor can be appointed as Governor of more than one State (Articles 153 and 154).
  • He is appointed by the President under his hand and seal.
  • He has no fixed tenure and stays in power at the pleasure of the president.

The correct answer is To adjourn the Legislative Assembly.

• Article 174, a governor shall summon the House at a time and place, as she or he thinks fit.
• Article 174 (2) (a) says a governor may from “time to time” prorogue the House.
• Article 174 (2) (b) allows her or him to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
• The speaker of the Legislative assembly has the right to adjourn the Legislative Assembly.

Key Points

• According to Article 153, each state in the country will have a governor.
• Also, a person can be appointed as the Governor of two or more states.
• According to Article 155, the Governor is appointed by the President.
• The powers of Governor :
  • The governor has the right to call the state assembly in any emergency and dissolve it at any time.
  • He also has the right to call a joint sitting of the two houses.
  • He has the right to repeal any bill to be passed in the State Legislative Assembly, sent back for review and sent to the President.
  • This means that no bill in the state assembly can be passed without the consent of the governor.
  • The Governor also has the task of issuing any ordinance during emergencies in the state.

The correct answer is to Correct the eye defects.

• Lenses are widely used in spectacle to correct eye defects.
• There are three common defects of vision that can be corrected with the help of suitable spherical lenses (convex lenses or concave lenses).
• Myopia is also known as Short-sightedness or nearsightedness.
  • Due to this defect, the person cannot see the distant objects clearly but he/she can see the nearby objects clearly.
  • The far point of the eye having myopia is less than infinity.
  • The defect is caused due to the high converging power of eye-lens or due to the eyeball being too long.
  • It can be corrected by making use of spectacles containing concave lenses.
• Hypermetropia is also known as Long-sightedness or farsightedness.
  • Due to this defect, the person cannot see the nearby objects clearly but he/she can see the distant objects clearly.
  • The near point of a hypermetropic eye is more than 25 centimetres away.
  • The defect is caused due to the low converging power of eye-lens or due to the eye-ball being too short.
  • It can be corrected by making use of spectacles containing convex lenses.
• Presbyopia is a vision disease caused mostly in old age.
  • The ciliary muscles become weak and the eye-lens become rigid and the eye loses its power of accommodation in old age in this vision defect.
  • In Presbyopia the person cannot see the nearby objects clearly due to loss of power of accommodation of the eye.
  • The near point of the old person having presbyopia gradually reduces and becomes much more than 25 centimetres away.
  • It can be corrected by making use of spectacles containing convex lenses.
• A person suffering from both Myopia and Hypermetropia uses spectacles having bifocal lenses in which the upper part consists of a concave lens to correct myopia and the lower part consists of a convex lens to correct hypermetropia.