Question Discussion & Solution

CONCEPT:

Electric Charge: It is a physical property of a matter that experiences a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

• Electric charges create electric fields.

• Two types of charges are found – 1.) Positive charge. 2.) Negative charge
• Force experienced when charge placed in the electromagnetic field is \({{F}^{\to }}=q\times {{E}^{\to }}\) where q = charge of the body (in coulomb). \({{E}^{\to }}\) = intensity of the electric field.
• SI unit of charge is Coulomb and the symbol is C. One coulomb is equal to the charge on 6.241 x 10¹⁸ protons.

Inductor: It is a passive electric component that stores energy in the form of magnetic field lines. It is a simple loop of wire.

• The inductance of the inductor could be measured by equation L = Φ / I where ϕ is magnetic flux and I is a current flowing through it.
• SI unit of inductance is Henry.
• Energy stored in Inductor U = ½ (LI²).

Capacitor: It is a device consisting of two conducting "plates" separated by an insulating material (dielectric). It stores energy in the form of an electric field with the help of an electric charge.

• The capacitance of a capacitor is measured by equation C = q /Δ v where q is charge and ∆ V is a potential difference.
• SI Unit of capacitance is Farad.
• Energy stored in Capacitor U = ½ (CV²)

Resistance: It is a measure of how the device reduces the flow of electric current, basically it opposes the flow of charges.

• Further, it states the ratio of the applied voltage to electric current flows through it.
• R = V/I [R is resistance, V is the potential difference and I is electric current].
• Also, R = ρ × (L/A) [where ρ is specific resistance of the material, l is the length of conductor and A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor].
• The unit of resistance is volt/ampere or ohm (Ω).
• It does not store energy.

Transformer: It is an electrical device that converts A/C current from one voltage to another.

EXPLANATION:

• A capacitor stores energy in the form of electrical charges and fields.
• Here, C_o = Capacitance, V = voltage, A = area of the plates, d = distance between them.

\(\Rightarrow {{C}_{o}}=\frac{{{Q}_{o}}}{V}=\frac{{{\epsilon }_{o}}A}{d}\)

Important Points

• Remember Electric field lines are stored in capacitor & magnetic field lines are stored in Inductor.

The correct answer is 172.

• Article 172 of the Indian Constitution relates to the tenure of the state legislature.

Key Points

• State Legislature:
  • Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution deals with the organization, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers of the state legislature.
  • States having bicameral legislatures are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. 
    • {Trick to Remember- KUMBAT- Karnatak, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana}
  • The legislature's maximum strength is fixed at 500 and minimum strength at 60.
  • Article 172 deals with the Duration of State Legislatures.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is Cancer.

Concept: 

Infectious diseases:

• Infectious disease are diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites.
• Infectious diseases are transmitted by infectious agents.
• Infectious disease is spread by humans, plants, and insects. 
• Agents that spread pathogens or pass them on are known as vectors or disease intermediaries.

Explanation:

• Cancer is not an infectious disease. 
• Cancer cannot be passed from one person to another by breathing the same air, sharing a toothbrush, touching.
• Cancer is a disorder in which cell growth is uncontrolled.
• Changes in genes that control how our cells function, particularly how they grow and divide, cause cancer.
• Accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal control can result in gene mutations. 
• Cancer is sometimes caused by the genes we inherit from our parents.
• Cancer's Causes
  • Carcinogens such as tobacco, chemicals, alcohol, and ultraviolet radiation from the sun are among the leading causes of cancer.

Additional Information

• Cholera:
  • Cholera is a severe diarrheal infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
  • People who consume cholera-contaminated food or water may become ill.
  • The infection is frequently mild or without symptoms, but it can also be severe and life-threatening.
  • The disease's deadly effects are caused by a toxin produced by bacteria in the small intestine.
• TB (Tuberculosis):
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
  • It was transmitted from person to person via microscopic droplets released into the air.
  • Usually bacteria attack the lungs, but tuberculosis bacteria can attack any part of the body, including the brain, kidney, and spine.
• Conjunctivitis: 
  • Conjunctivitis or pink eye is a viral disease that is caused by allergies or bacterial or viral infection.
  • It is the Inflammation or infection of the eyeball's outer membrane and the inner eyelid.
  • Conjunctivitis is highly contagious and is spread through contact with infected people's eye secretions

The correct answer is Sodium carbonate.

Key Points

• A toothpaste is defined as a semi-solid material for removing naturally occurring deposits from teeth and is supposed to be used simultaneously with a toothbrush.
• Toothpaste generally contains the following components:
  • Water (20–40%)
  • Abrasives (50%) including aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydrogen phosphates, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silica, and hydroxyapatite.
  • Fluoride (usually 1450 ppm) mainly in the form of sodium fluoride.

Given series U, R, O, L, I, ?

We subtract 3 in each letter we get-

Hence, "F" is the correct answer.