Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the .extent of power concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such - absolute power was undesirable in one person.

Key Points

• Provisions of Charter Act 1793
  • This Act continued the company’s rule over the British territories in India.
  • It continued the company’s trade monopoly in India for another 20 years.
  • The Act established that “acquisition of sovereignty by the subjects of the Crown is on behalf of the Crown and not in its own right,” which clearly stated that the company’s political functions were on behalf of the British government.
  • The company’s dividends were allowed to be raised to 10%.
  • The Governor-General was given more powers.
  • He could override his council’s decision under certain circumstances.
  • He was also given authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.
  • When the Governor-General was present in Madras or Bombay, he would supersede in authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.

​Additional Information

• In the Governor-General’s absence from Bengal, he could appoint a Vice President from among the civilian members of his Council.
• The composition of the Board of Control changed.
• It was to have a President and two junior members, who were not necessarily members of the Privy Council.
• The salaries of the staff and the Board of Control were also now charged to the company.
• After all expenses, the company had to pay the British government Rs.5 Lakhs from the Indian revenue annually.
• Senior company officials were barred from leaving India without permission.
• If they did so, it would be considered as a resignation.
• The company was granted the authority to grant licenses to individuals and company employees to carry on trade in India.
• This was known as ‘privilege’ or ‘country trade’.
• This led to shipments of opium to China.
• This Act separated the revenue administration and the judiciary functions of the company leading to the disappearance of Maal Adalats (revenue courts).

• A sculpture of a chariot of Harappa times was found at Daimabad, Maharashtra.
• Daimabad is an archaeological site that was discovered in 1958.
• The excavations were conducted between 1976-79 here.
• Lothal is an ancient Indus site situated in Gujarat.
• Banawali is an ancient Harappan site situated on the dry river bed of Saraswati.
• Kalibangan, which means black bangles, is an ancient Indus site situated in Rajasthan.

• Al-Biruni from Uzbekistan, traveled to India in the 11th century.
• He wrote an encyclopedic work on India named 'Taḥqīq mā li-l-hind min maqūlah maqbūlah fī al-ʿaql aw mardhūlah', which translates to 'The book confirming what pertains to India, whether rational or despicable'. 

The correct answer is 1906.

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume on 28th December 1885.
• The first session of INC was held in Bombay at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit Collegeram.
• The first President of the INC session held in Bombay was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.
• 72 delegates attended the session.
• The important leaders during the foundation of INC were Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyyabji, Anand Mohan Bose, R.C Dutt, Pherozshah Mehta, G.K Gokhale, G. Subramaniyam Aiyyar, Dinshaw Vacha, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Mahadev Govind Ranade, Madan Mohan Malviya, etc.
• Formerly Indian National Congress was known as Indian National Union.
• The INC was formed during the tenure of Lord Dufferin (Viceroy of India from 1884-1888).
• The word swaraj means Self-rule or Independence.
• Swaraj was first articulated in the presidential address of Dadabhai Naoroji as the Congress's goal in its Calcutta Session in 1906.
• The great freedom fighter Bal Gangadhar Tilak said "Swaraj is my birthright and I will have It".

The correct answer is Mohan Singh.

Key Points

• In the Bangkok conference, a Council of Action to control and guide the whole movement was formed and Rashbehari Bose was elected as the president of the council. Mohan Singh was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian National Army at this conference. Hence option 1 is correct.
• Subhash Chandra Bose reached Japanese-controlled Singapore from Germany in July 1943, issued from there his famous call, ‘Delhi Chalo’, and announced the formation of the Azad Hind Government and the Indian National Army on 21st October 1943.

Additional Information

• The INA was first formed under Mohan Singh and Japanese Major Iwaichi Fujiwara and comprised Indian prisoners of war of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan (present-day Malaysia) campaign and at Singapore.
• The INA included both, the Indian prisoners of war from Singapore and Indian civilians in South-East Asia. Its strength grew to 50,000.
• The INA fought allied forces in 1944 inside the borders of India in Imphal and Burma.
• However, with the fall of Rangoon, Azad Hind Government ceased to be an effective political entity.
• In November 1945 a British move to put the INA men on trial immediately sparked massive demonstrations all over the country.