Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is website.

• Collections of many web pages are called websites.

Key Points

• It can also be said that a website or site is a location where a lot of web pages are kept.
• It is a place connected to the Internet where information about an organization is available.
• The World Wide Web (www) which is a part of the Internet consists of websites.
• A website is a book printed on the Internet, through which information can be given about something or some goods or services can be sold.

The correct answer is Potato.

Modifications of Root

1. For storage of food
   • Roots are modified in some plants for storing reserve food materials.
   • These modified roots usually are swollen and assume different forms such as spindle-shaped, e.g., radish; top-shaped, e.g., beet, turnip; cone-like, e.g., carrot; indefinite shape, e.g., sweet potatoes.
   • Dahlia, Asparagus, Portulaca are some other examples of plants with modified roots for food storage.
2. Nodulated roots
   • The roots of pea and other leguminous plants have numerous swollen nodules on fine branches of roots.
   • These nodules are formed due to the symbiotic association of Rhizobium (bacterium) that live inside the root cortical cells of the roots.
   • They fix nitrogen and an active nodule is pink in colour.
3. For mechanical support
   • Roots are modified to provide mechanical support as seen in a banyan tree which has roots growing vertically/obliquely downwards (prop roots); sugarcane/maize in which roots arise from the nodes in the cluster at the base of the stem (stilt roots) and betel/black pepper in which nodes and internodes bear roots which help in climbing.
4. For gaseous exchange
   • Pneumatophores or breathing roots are found in plants growing in mangroves or swamps with saline water for exchange of gases.
   • They are erect peg-like structures with numerous pores through which air circulates e.g., Rhizophora mangle.

• Modifications of Stem

1. For storage of food
   • Stems get modified into underground structures for storage of food as seen in potato (tuber), ginger (rhizome), garlic (bulb), yam (corm).
   • Presence of an eye (node) in potato, distinct nodes with internodes and scaly leaves in ginger/yam, a cluster of roots at the base of the reduced stem in garlic/ onion, all indicate that these underground plant parts are modified stem.
2. For vegetative propagation
   • Plants besides reproducing sexually also propagate through vegetative parts.
   • For this purpose, stems may be modified into a runner (Cyanodon dactylon, Oxalis). Runners are slender prostrate branches arising from axillary buds;
   • stolon (e.g., mint, strawberry) which is a slender lateral branch arising from the base of the stem grows upward and then down to develop new daughter plants;
   • offset having a single long horizontal internode growing up to some distance and producing a tuft of leaves above and a cluster of roots below at the apex (Eichornia, Pistia) and
   • sucker, which arises from the underground part of the stem, grow obliquely and gives rise to a new shoot. (Chrysanthemum, Banana, Pineapple).
3. For protection
   • Some modified stem provides protection as thorns which are hard, pointed structures each representing a branch that arises from the axil of a leaf.
   • Thorns are found in plants like Duranta, Pomegranate, Acacia, Ber, Prosopis, Bougainvillea, Citrus, etc.
4. For support
   • Tendrils are modifications of the stem to provide support to plants, e.g., Vitis, passionflower, Bignonia etc.
5. For photosynthesis
   • Stems are also modified into Phylloclade, to facilitate photosynthesis.
   • Phylloclades are flattened/cylindrical stem or branches of unlimited growth (Cactus).

Bahlul Lodhi was the founder of the Lodhi Dynasty in 1451. By the end of the 15th-century Bahlul Lodi firmly established the Lodi dynasty at Delhi. He succeeded in bringing a large area of North India under his control. After his death, his son Sikandar Lodi succeeded him to the throne.

• In the sixteenth century the Lodi Empire, under Sultan Sikandar Lodi, in North India reached its zenith.
• The annexation of Dholpur paved the way for the expansion of Afghan rule in the regions of Rajputana and Malwa. The forts of Narwar and Chanderi were annexed while the Khanzada of Nagaur acknowledged the suzerainty of the Lodi Sultan in 1510-11.
• In short, the whole of North India, from Punjab in the northwest to Saran and Champaran in north Bihar in the east, and Chanderi to the south of Delhi were brought under the Lodi rule.
• Unlike his father, Sultan Ibrahim Lodi had to face the hostility of the 108 Political Structures Afghan nobility soon after his accession to the throne in 1517.
• He found himself surrounded by powerful nobles bent upon weakening the center to gain an upper hand for themselves. His father had to fight against his brothers and relatives and was supported by the nobles who wanted to replace the princes in the resourceful provinces. Upon the death of Sultan Sikandar Lodhi, the nobles decided to divide the Empire between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and his younger brother Prince Jalal Khan Lodi, the governor of Kalpi.

Hint

The rulers of Delhi:

The correct answer is Article 167.

• Article 167 of the Indian Constitution defines the duties of the Chief Minister.
• It has specified in the second schedule.
• A chief minister is understood to be "first among equals".

A Chief Minister must be:

• Chief Minister must be a citizen of India.
• Chief Minister should be a member of the state legislature.
• If a person is elected chief minister who is not a member of the legislature, then he/she must take permission from the governor.
• Chief Minister must be 25 years of age or more.

The correct answer is Comodo.

• Comodo is a firewall software, used to protect information from an unsecured public network.

Key Points

• A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed to store, modify, and manage data in a database.
  • Examples of DBMS are SQL Server, My SQL, Oracle, MS Access, File Maker, Bigtable.
• A database is a data structure that stores organized information.
• The telephone directory is a good example of a database.
  • SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
    • It was designed by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce.
  • Oracle Database is a multi-model database management system produced by Oracle Corporation.
  • MySQL is  an open-source relational database management system.
    • Developer: Oracle Cor  poration.