Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is State, Central and Local bodies.

Key Points 

• The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was set up in March 2007 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005, an Act of Parliament (December 2005).
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is a statutory body under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005 under the administrative control of the Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India. 
• The Commission's Mandate is to ensure that all Laws, Policies, Programmes, and Administrative Mechanisms are in consonance with the Child Rights perspective as enshrined in the Constitution of India and also the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• The Child is defined as a person in the 0 to 18 years age group.
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) works at State, Central and Local bodies. 
• Independent monitoring of the implementation of the Act is assigned to the National Council of Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), the main responsibilities are:
  • examine and review safeguards for rights under this Act, and recommend measures for effective implementation
  • inquire into complaints relating to child’s right to free and compulsory education
  • conduct periodic social audit of the status of implementation and review
• Hence, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) works at ​State, Central and Local bodies.

Voltage is measured by Voltmeter.

Similarly,

Key Points

• Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005:
  • Domestic Violence means:
    • “Physical abuse" includes hurt of any kind. Assault, criminal intimidation and criminal force. Hence statement 1 is correct.
    • “Sexual abuse" such as the conduct of a sexual nature such as forced sexual intercourse, forcing the aggrieved person to watch pornography or other obscene material
    • “Verbal and emotional abuse" such as Accusation/aspersion on character or conduct. An insult for not bringing dowry, Insult for not having a male child. Hence statement 2 is Correct.
    • "Economic abuse" such as not providing money for maintaining a woman or her children. Not providing food, clothes, medicine. etc, Forcing woman out of the house. Hence statement 4 is Correct.
  • Non-sharing of household work, noncaring attitude for children, unhealthy habits of living. late coming etc. (of the male partner) is not directly covered under this act. Hence Statement 3 is Incorrect.

Water Pollution:

• Water pollution occurs when harmful substances often chemicals or microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.
• Water pollution is a major environmental issue in India.
• The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage.
• Other sources of pollution include agricultural runoff and unregulated small-scale industry.
• Most rivers, lakes, and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage, and solid wastes.

Hence, option 1 is the correct answer. 

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​Untreated Sewage

• A 2007 study found that the discharge of untreated sewage is the single most important source of pollution of surface and groundwater in India.
• There is a large gap between the generation and treatment of domestic wastewater in India.
• The problem is not only that India lacks sufficient treatment capacity but also that the sewage treatment plants that exist do not operate and are not maintained.

1. Agriculture run-off: Farms discharge large quantities of agrochemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments, and saline drainage into water bodies. Nevertheless, agricultural pollution, aggravated by increased sediment runoff and groundwater salinization, is also becoming an issue.
2. Unregulated small-scale industries and religious practices comparatively have less contribution to water pollution in major rivers of India.

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