Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is cotton and wool.

Key Points

• The Indus Valley people wore clothes made of cotton and wool.
• John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term ‘Indus Valley Civilisation.
• Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa Civilisation in 1921.
• R.D. Banerjee discovered Mohenjodaro or Mound of the Dead in 1922.

• Lothal is one of the places of Indus Valley Civilization located presently in India.
• It is located near Saragwala, a village in the Ahmedabad district of the state Gujarat.
• The word Lothal means “the mount of the dead”.

The correct answer is Bhavra.

• The birthplace of the great freedom fighter Chandra Shekar Azad is Bhavra.
• Chandra Shekar Azad was born on 23rd July 1906.
• Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) was founded by Chandra Shekar Azad along with Bhagat Singh on 9th September 1928.
• The Indian Independence Movement was led by the Chandra Shekar Azad.
• Chandra Shekar Azad was involved in:
  • Kakori Train Robbery of 1925.
  • Shooting of J. P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 to avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai.
  • Attempt to blow up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
• He was an extremist leader.
• He died on 27th February 1931 (at the age of 24 years) in Allahabad.

• Hyderabad started as a vassal of the Mughal dynasty in 1713, and the ruler was known as Nizam.
• Though more than 85 per cent of its population comprised of Hindus, the Muslims controlled police, army and the civil services.
• With the Indian Independence Act of 1947, the British left the princely states to decide whether they wanted to join India, Pakistan or remain independent.
• By 1948, most of the states had merged with India except Hyderabad. The Nizam’s ambitions, if realised, could have cut off north India from the south. This is because Hyderabad ran across the Deccan plateau in the centre of the Indian subcontinent, with an area of more than 80,000 square miles.
• Mir Osman Ali Khan (6 April 1886 – 24 February 1967), was the last Nizam of the Princely State of Hyderabad, the largest princely state in British India.
• He was styled as His Exalted Highness-(H.E.H.) the Nizam of Hyderabad and was one of the wealthiest individuals of all time. 

The correct answer is Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the .extent of power concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such - absolute power was undesirable in one person.

Key Points

• Provisions of Charter Act 1793
  • This Act continued the company’s rule over the British territories in India.
  • It continued the company’s trade monopoly in India for another 20 years.
  • The Act established that “acquisition of sovereignty by the subjects of the Crown is on behalf of the Crown and not in its own right,” which clearly stated that the company’s political functions were on behalf of the British government.
  • The company’s dividends were allowed to be raised to 10%.
  • The Governor-General was given more powers.
  • He could override his council’s decision under certain circumstances.
  • He was also given authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.
  • When the Governor-General was present in Madras or Bombay, he would supersede in authority over the governors of Madras and Bombay.

​Additional Information

• In the Governor-General’s absence from Bengal, he could appoint a Vice President from among the civilian members of his Council.
• The composition of the Board of Control changed.
• It was to have a President and two junior members, who were not necessarily members of the Privy Council.
• The salaries of the staff and the Board of Control were also now charged to the company.
• After all expenses, the company had to pay the British government Rs.5 Lakhs from the Indian revenue annually.
• Senior company officials were barred from leaving India without permission.
• If they did so, it would be considered as a resignation.
• The company was granted the authority to grant licenses to individuals and company employees to carry on trade in India.
• This was known as ‘privilege’ or ‘country trade’.
• This led to shipments of opium to China.
• This Act separated the revenue administration and the judiciary functions of the company leading to the disappearance of Maal Adalats (revenue courts).