Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Key Points

• Gandhiji's call for breaking Salt Laws was in response to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• The Salt Satyagraha was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi against the salt tax that was imposed by the British Government in India.
• The Salt Satyagraha was started on 12 March 1930 to 5 April 1930.
•  The defiance of the salt law was followed by the spread of the Civil Disobedience Movement all over the country.
• The Civil Disobedience Movement was started on 6 April 1930.
• Dandi March and Salt Satyagraha:
  • Gandhi, along with a band of seventy-eight members of Sabarmati Ashram, was to march from his headquarters in Ahmedabad through the villages of Gujarat for 240 miles. On reaching the coast at Dandi, the salt law was to be violated by collecting salt from the beach.

• ​Some features of the Civil Disobedience Movement - 

  • Boycott of foreign-made cloth and liquor shops.
  • Refusal by peasants to pay revenue and chowkidar taxes.
  • Violation of forest law by grazing animals in the reserved forest.
  • Deliberately breaking unjust laws like salt tax law.

Additional Information 

• The Non-cooperation Movement was started on 1 August 1920.
• Khilafat Movement was led by Shaukat Ali and Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar in 1919.:
  • The Khilafat Movement (1919):
  • It brought the Muslims & the Hindus on a common platform against the British administration.
  • It was one of the most important causes of the Non - Cooperation Movement. 
  • The Indian Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph.
• Quit India Movement:​
  • The iconic 'Quit India' slogan was coined by socialist Congress leader and lesser-known hero of the Indian National movement Yusuf Meher Ali in 1942.
  • He was the founder of National Militia, Bombay youth League, and the Congress Socialist Party.
  • On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave a clarion call to end British rule and launched the Quit India Movement at the session of the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai.
  • Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
  • The movement gave the slogans ‘Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’. Gandhi gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’
  • The immediate cause of the movement was the collapse of the Cripps Mission.
  • The movement saw violence at some places which were not premeditated.
  • The Quit India movement was violently suppressed by the British – people were shot, lathi-charged, villages burnt and enormous fines imposed.

The correct answer is 3, 4, 2, 1.

Key Points

• The correct chronological order of the above events is 3, 4, 2, 1.
• Khilafat movement was a pan-Islamic movement in India that happened from 1919 to 1924 also known as the Indian Muslim movement.
• The leaders of the Khilafat movement were Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad.
• The Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed on 22–24 March 1940.

Additional Information

• Cripps Mission was sent by the British Government in March 1942 to India with the key objective to secure Indian cooperation and support for British War Efforts.
• The Cripps mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps.
•  A three-member Cabinet Mission visited India in March 1946 headed by Lord Pethick Lawrence.
• The Cripps Mission was sent by the British government to India in March 1942 to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war efforts in the 2nd World War.
• It was headed by Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, a labour minister in Winston Churchill’s coalition government in Britain.
• Gandhi Ji described Cripps’ offer of dominion status as, “a post-dated cheque drawn on a crashing bank”.
• The Cripps Mission was a failure as it failed to give confidence to Congress about Britain’s intentions (which were not sincere in any case). Neither did the Indian leadership offer support to Britain’s war effort.
• In the same year, Congress started the Quit India Movement in the wake of the mission’s failure.
• Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan also known as August Kranti Maidan is the place where the quit India movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi. He along with other leaders gathered here on August 8 and 9, 1942.

• The Khilafat Movement (1919):
• It brought the Muslims & the Hindus on a common platform against the British administration.
• It was one of the most important causes of the Non - Cooperation Movement. 
• The Indian Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as the Caliph.
• Causes that agitated Indian Muslims & forced them to launch the movement are the following:
  • The defeat of Ottoman Turkey (German Ally) & its dissection by Britishers in World War I.
  • Harsh terms of the Treaty of Sevres (1920) on Turkey.
  • Revolts instigated by Britishers in Arab.
• M.A Ansari demanded the restoration of the Arab lands to Calipha in the Muslim League's Annual Session of 1918.
  • It got support from Congress.
• In May 1919, the All India Khilafat Conference was formed in Bombay.
• All Indi Khilafat Committee was set up in September 1919 at Lucknow.
  • President: Seth Chhotani.
  • Secretary: Shaukat Ali.
• Mohammed Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan & Hasrat Mohani were the leaders of the Khilafat Movement.
• The All - India Khilafat Conference held in November 1919 in Delhi decided to withdraw all government cooperation if the government did not meet its demands.
• Mahatma Gandhi strongly advocated the Khilafat cause.
  • He was elected as the President of the All India Khilafat Conference in November 1919.
• The Central Khilafat Committee meeting at Allahabad in June 1920 declared the programme of Non-Cooperation.

Lahore Resolution:

• The resolution for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940 is a landmark document of Pakistan's history.
•  It is a landmark document in the history of Pakistan.

Cabinet Mission Plan:

• This desire for Indian unity was symbolized by the Cabinet Mission, which arrived in New Delhi on 24 March 1946, sent by the British government, in which the subject was the form of a post-independent India.

The correct answer is 1920.

Key Points

• The Non-cooperation Movement started in 1920.
• The leader of the Non-cooperation Movement was Mahatma Gandhi.
• The non-cooperation movement was a mass movement that involved participation from the nationalists as well as the public. 
• The movement was to be nonviolent and to consist of Indians resigning their titles, boycotting government educational institutions, government service, foreign goods, and elections, and eventually, refusing to pay taxes. 
• The non-cooperation movement was a mass movement that was launched by Gandhi in 1920. It was a peaceful and non-violent protest against the British government in India. 
• People had to resign from their government jobs. People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• After a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realized that there was no prospect of getting any fair treatment at the hands of the British, so he planned to withdraw the nation's co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non-Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country.
• This movement was a great success as it got massive encouragement from millions of Indians. This movement almost shook the British authorities.

Additional Information

• The Non-cooperation Movement was called off by Mahatma Gandhi after the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922. 

The people of the Harappan civilization were Urban.

• It is also known as an urban civilization because it was built like a city.
• The people also built a drainage system for cleanliness, the houses of the city were built with bricks.
• In the city of Mohenjodaro, archaeologists found bath tank which was earlier known as a great bath.
• It was built for bathing and they were also built small rooms to change clothes.

• Mohanjodaro was excavated in 1922 in Larkana district on the banks of Indus.
• It was excavated by a team led by R.D. Banerjee.
• Dhanushkodi is believed to be the place where Lord Ram ordered to build a bridge to connect Sri Lanka, (Ram Setu). It is situated in Tamil Nadu.
• Harappa was excavated in 1920-1921, while it was discovered in the year 1826.
• Kanchi or Kanchipuram is an ancient city in Tamil Nadu.