Question Discussion & Solution

• Couple burial was found from Lothal and not Kalibanga.
• Black bangles, fire pit, ploughed field, a wooden furrow, tiled floors, and bricks have been found at Kalibangan. There were no drainage systems there.

Mahajanapadas refers to ancient Indian Kingdoms that existed between the 3rd and 6th centuries BCE.

• These kingdoms and republics had evolved and flourished in a belt stretching from Gandhara in the North West to Anga in the Eastern part of the Indian subcontinent.
• It included parts of the trans-Vindhyan region, prior to the rise of Buddhism in India.

Important Points

Some of the Mahajanapadas are as follows:

From the above, we can conclude that Chedi Janapad is not from Rajasthan.

The correct answer Jodhpura.

Key Points

• The Sahibi river/ the Sabi River is an ephemeral, rain-fed river flowing through Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi state in India.
• It drains into the Yamuna in Delhi, where its channelled course is also called the Najafgarh drain, which also serves as Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary.
• Sahibi is a seasonal river that is 300 km long and flows from Aravalli hills in Rajasthan to Haryana, of which 100 km is in Haryana.
• It is identified that the late Harappan phase of Indus valley civilization culture was found along the Sabi Riverbank.
• Jodhpura was the site located on the banks of river Sabi in Jaipur district, where ancient civilization in Rajasthan was settled.

Additional Information

• Gilund is an archaeological site in the Rajsamand district. It is situated on the right bank of the Banas river.
• Baror is situated on the right bank of dried up river Sarasvati (modern Ghaggar) in Anupgarh Tehsil of Ganganagar district of Rajasthan.
• Nagari is situated on the right bank of the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas.

The correct answer is Vatapi.
Key Points

• The earliest Chalukyas with their capital at Badami (Vatapi) in Karnataka. They ruled from mid-6th They declined after the death of their greatest king, Pulakesin II in 642 AD. They were known as Badami Chalukyas.

Important Points

There were three distinct which were related to Chalukya dynasties - 

• Badami Chalukyas: Capital was Badami (Vatapi) in Karnataka.
• Eastern Chalukyas: Emerged after the death of Pulakesin II in Eastern Deccan with capital at Vengi. They ruled till the 11th century.
• Western Chalukyas: Descendants of the Badami Chalukyas, emerged in the late 10th century and ruled from Kalyani (modern-day Basavakanlyan).

Additional Information

Chalukya Rulers:

• Jayasimha was the first ruler of the Chalukyas.
• Pulakesin I (Reign: 543 AD – 566 AD)
  • Founded the empire with his capital at Vatapi.
  • Performed Ashwamedha.
• Kirtivarman I (Reign: 566 AD – 597 AD)
  • Son of Pulakesin I.
  • Conquered Konkan and northern Kerala.
• Mangalesha (Reign: 597 AD – 609 AD)
  • Brother of Kirtivarman I.
  • Conquered the Kadambas and the Gangas.
  • Was killed by his nephew and son of Kirtivarman, Pulakesin II.
• Pulakesin II (609 AD – 642 AD)
  • The greatest of the Chalukya kings.
  • Extended the Chalukya rule to most parts of the Deccan.
  • His birth name was Eraya. Information about him is obtained from the Aihole inscription dated 634. This poetic inscription was written by his court poet Ravikirti in Sanskrit language using the Kannada script.
  • Xuanzang visited his kingdom. He has praised Pulakesin II as a good and authoritative king.
  • Though a Hindu, he was tolerant of Buddhism and Jainism.
  • He conquered almost entire south-central India.
  • He is famous for stopping Northern king Harsha in his tracks while he was trying to conquer southern parts of the country.
  • He had defeated the Pallava king Mahendravarman I but was defeated and killed by Mahendravarman’s son and successor Narasimhavarman I in a series of battles he had with the Pallavas.

The correct answer is Banawali.