Question Discussion & Solution

The disease Kala-Azar is caused by the protozoan Leishmania donovani

Leishmania donovani: 

• It is a parasitic protozoan belonging to the class Mastigophora or flagellata.
• It is a human parasite that is dimorphic (i.e. shows two forms) & digenetic in nature
• It causes the disease Kala-azar or Dumdum fever by sand fly (phelobotomus)
• The disease is spread by the bite of infected sand-fly
• It can affect the Skin (Cutaneous Leishmaniasis), the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and nose (Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis), Liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
• Symptoms include: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - Skin ulcers
• Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis - Ulcers in mouth, throat, and nose, Nosebleed, Difficulty in breathing.
• Visceral Leishmaniasis - Weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, enlarged spleen, liver, lymph nodes, a decrease in the production of blood cells.

Diagram showing the two different forms of Leishmania donovani

Total number of people = 45

Position of A from the behind = 26^th

Position of A from the front = Total number of people – A’s position from the behind + 1

= 45 – 26 + 1

= 20^th

The correct answer is Displacement.

Key Points

•  Displacement
  • When a body moves from one position to another, the shortest distance between the initial position and final position of the body along with direction is known as Displacement.
  • Its SI unit is a meter.
  • It is a vector quantity.
  • Displacement of the object can be positive, negative, zero.
  • Displacement of the object can never be greater than the distance traveled by it.
• When there is no change in an initial position and final position even after covering some path, then it is considered zero displacements.

Additional Information

• Distance
  • It is the actual path covered by a moving body irrespective of the direction in which the body travels.
  • Its SI unit is a meter.
  • It is a scalar quantity.
  • An odometer is used to measure the distance traveled by the vehicle.  
• Speed
  • The time rate of change of position of the object in any direction is called the speed of the object.
  • It is a scalar quantity.
  • Its SI unit is m/s.
  • Speed= Distance travelled/Time taken
• Frequency
  • It tells us how frequently an event occurs.
  • The number of complete waves produced in one second is called the frequency of the waves.
  • Hertz is the SI unit of Frequency. It is named in the honor of Rudolf Hertz.
  • 1 Hertz= 1 vibration per second.

The correct answer is the 15th Bengal Native Infantry.

• The battalion that rebelled at Nasirabad in 1857 was the 15th Bengal Native Infantry.
  • The first rebellion in Rajasthan took place on 28 May 1857 at Naseerabad
  • News of Meerut Rebellion AGG (Agent to Governor-General) George Patrick Lawrence and he sent the 15th Bengal Native Infantry based at Ajmer to Nasirabad, causing discontent among the soldiers.
  • Soon the news of the revolt of the soldiers reached the soldiers in Nasirabad as well and on 28 May 1857, the soldiers of the Native Infantry revolted in Nasirabad.
  • The soldiers of the 30th Native Infantry also joined in and after burning and capturing the soldiers of the cantonment left for Delhi.

Additional Information

6 British Cantonments in Rajasthan are: 

The correct answer is Shifting.

• Jhoom agriculture is also known as Shifting.

Key Points

• Shifting Agriculture:
  • It is practised by the tribals in the forest areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Andhra Pradesh.
  • In this type of agriculture, a piece of forest land is cleared mainly by tribal people by felling and burning of trees and crops are grown.
• Jhoom is the name of Shifting Agriculture in the north-east region of India.
• Podu, Dabi, Koman or Bringa in Orissa
• Kumari in the Western Ghats.
• Watra in southeast Rajasthan,
• Penda, Bewar or Dahia and Deppa or Kumari in the Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh.

Additional Information

• Names of shifting agriculture around the world: