Question Discussion & Solution

• In SQL, the function - avg, min, max, sum, count is called as aggregate function.
• Aggregate functions return a single value after calculating from a group of values.
• avg() function returns the average values, max() returns the maximum value, count() finds the number of rows that matches the specified condition, min() returns the minimum value, Max() returns the maximum value. sum() returns the sum of values.

Example:

SELECT AVG(salary

FROM employees

GROUP BY department_id;

The correct answer is In 1240.

• Razia Sultan was removed from the throne in1240.

Key Points

• Razia Sultan (1236 AD-1240 AD):
  • She belonged to the Slave Dynasty.
  • She was the first and last Muslim woman ruler of Medieval India.
  • She appointed Jamaluddin Yakoot as the highest officer of cavalry.
  • She abandoned Pardah and appeared before the public in male dress.
  • She saved the empire from Mongol invasion.
  • She died in the year 1240 AD.

Given: Sportspersons, Shooters, Swimmers

Logic: All shooters and swimmers are sportspersons but shooters and swimmers have no common relation.

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

The correct answer is 1921.

• The Begun Kisan Andolan was started in 1921.

Key Points

• Begun Kisan Andolan:
  • It was one of the farmer's movements of Rajasthan during British Raj in India.
  • It was started in Menal village in 1921.
  • Begun is a village in Chittorgarh district.
  • Vijay Singh Pathik was the leader of this movement to Ramnarayan Chaudhary.
  • In 2023, an agreement was made between Rajasthan Sewa Sangh and Rawat Sawai Anup Singh Ji to settle the dispute but it was opposed by the government naming it a Bolshevik agreement and the government appointed a government employee in the place of Thikanedar under its Munsarmat policy. 
  • The leadership of this movement was later handed over to Vijay Singh Pathik. 

The correct answer is Tropical Deciduous Forests.

Key Points

• Tropical Deciduous Forests
  • These are the most widespread forests in India.
  • They are also called the monsoon forests because the trees in these forests shed their leaves during the dry season and re-grow during the monsoon. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 70-200 cm. 
  • The average temperature of Tropical Deciduous forests is 30oC. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
  • The humidity in these forests lies in the range of 80-90 per cent.
  • The prime feature of these forests as trees shed their leaves in the dry season and grow back leaf in rainy seasons.
  • Major states where tropical deciduous forests are found:
    • Madhya Pradesh
    • Uttar Pradesh
    • Chhattisgarh
    • Jharkhand
    • Odisha
    • Maharashtra 
    • Some parts of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
  • On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further divided into
    • Moist Deciduous
    • Dry Deciduous
• Moist Deciduous forests
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 100-200 cm.
  • These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of the Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, and Odisha.
  • Teak, Sal, Shisham, Hurra, Mahua, Amla, Semul, Kusum, and Sandalwood, etc. are the main species of these forests. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.​
• Dry Deciduous forests
  • They spread over regions that receive rainfall between 70-100 cm.
  • These forests are found in the rainy areas of Peninsular India, Plains of Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
  • In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a parkland landscape with open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of grass are common.
  • As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around.
  • Tendu, Palas, Amaltas, Bel, Khair, Axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests.

Additional Information

• Tropical Thorn Forests
  • Tropical Thorn Forests are found in areas having less than 50cm of Rainfall.
  • A variety of Grasses and Shrubs are found in these thorn forests.
  • They are present in dry and semi-dry areas of south-west Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat,
  • Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.
  • In Tropical Thorn Forest, Trees remain leafless for the most part of the year
  • Tussocky Grass grows up to 2m in these areas. 
• ​Montane Forests​
  • Evergreen type of vegetation is prevalent in montane forests.
  • Generally, they are conical in shape so that it is easy for the snow to slide down.
  • Montane Forest is an ecosystem found in mountains.
    • These forests can be found in the higher hilly areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, also in the region of Eastern Himalayas to the east of 88°E longitude including the hills of Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
  • Some significant trees of the montane temperate forest are rhododendrons, ferns, oak, maple, juniper, deodar, chilgoza, etc.
• Tropical Evergreen Forests
  • ​Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbor many types of plants and animals.
  • These forests are found in the areas receiving heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annual rainfall).
  • Therefore, these forests always appear green and are known as evergreen forests.
  • The greatest single area of tropical evergreen forest is the Amazon Basin, in the northern half of South America.
  • In India, evergreen forests are found in the western slopes of the Western Ghats in States such as Kerala and Karnataka. They are also found in the hills of Jaintia and Khasi.
  • Evergreen forests are found in the Assam Valley, the foothills of the eastern Himalayas, and the lower parts of the Naga Hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Manipur.
  • Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, and cinchona are some of the commercially important trees that grow in the tropical evergreen forests.