Question Discussion & Solution

Mobile is a type of Electronic gadget. Similarly, Ginger is a modified stem.

Hence Ginger is related to Stem.

The correct answer is Brahmi.​

• The Edicts of Ashoka are in total 33 inscriptions written on the Pillars, boulders, and cave walls of the Mauryan Period, during the reign of the Emperor Ashok that are dispersed throughout the Indian Sub-continent covering India, Pakistan, and Nepal.
  • Inscriptions found in the eastern parts of the Mauryan empire are written using the Brahmi script in Magadhi language.
  • While in the western parts of the empire, the script used is Kharoshti, written in Prakrit. To add to the variety, one extract in the Edict 13 is written in Greek and Aramaic.
• A notable thing in these inscriptions is, that Ashoka refers to himself in many of these inscriptions as “Devampiyaa” which means “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Piyadassi.”
• The world came to know of these details of the Mauryan empire and Ashoka when the edicts and inscriptions were decoded by British Archaeologist James Princep. 

Key Points

• These edicts have mentioned that Buddhism as a religion had reached as far as the Mediterranean under the Ashokan reign.
• Many Buddhist monuments had been created in the wide-spread area.
• In these edicts, Buddhism and the Buddha are also mentioned.
• But primarily these edicts focus more on social and moral precepts rather than the religious practices (or the philosophical dimension) of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• Excessive consumption of alcoholic drinks causes damage to the Liver.
  • Alcohol is readily absorbed from the digestive tract, and up to 98% is metabolised in the liver.
  • Each liver cell contains three pathways for alcohol metabolism.
  • All of these result in the production of a highly toxic metabolite which can contribute to liver cell damage.
  • With regular alcohol use, the regenerative ability of liver cells may be inhibited and lead to sustained liver damage.
  • Long term heavy alcohol use may lead to fat accumulation in the liver, which may progress to alcoholic hepatitis, or liver cirrhosis.
  • Over time, excessive alcohol use can lead to the development of chronic diseases and other serious problems including -
    • High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems. 

Additional Information

• Kidney:
  • Healthy kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your blood.
  • But when your kidneys fail, wastes and extra fluid can build up in your blood and make you feel sick. 
  • Kidneys can become damaged from a physical injury or a disease like diabetes, high blood pressure, or other disorders.
  • High blood pressure and diabetes are the two most common causes of kidney failure.
  • Kidney failure does not happen overnight.
• Lungs:
  • Chronic alcohol abuse and heavy drinking can greatly increase the risk of several pulmonary conditions.
    • including lung disease, alcoholic pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.
    • Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.
    • Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
• Heart:
  • Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.
  • Increases in your blood pressure can also be caused by weight gain from excessive drinking.
  • Heavy drinking weakens the heart muscle, which means the heart can't pump blood as efficiently.
    • It's is known as cardiomyopathy and can cause death, usually through heart failure.

In this figure (i) shows that it moves 90 degree clockwise then get figure (ii). Similarly, In figure (iii) moves 90 degree clockwise then get next figure which is shown bellow -

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.