Question Discussion & Solution

Just as Needle is a part/component of the Clock, similarly Blade is a part/component of Fan.

Thus the related word pair is Fan : Blade.

The correct answer is Application software.

Key Points

• Spreadsheets, photo editing, PowerPoint, word documents, etc, are examples of Application software.
  • Application software, or app for short, is software that performs specific tasks for an end-user.
  • Effectively, if the user is interacting directly with a piece of software it is application software.
    • For example, Microsoft Word or Excel is application software, as are common web browsers such as Firefox or Google Chrome.
  • It also includes the category of mobile apps, including communication apps such as WhatsApp or games such as Candy Crush Saga.

Additional Information

• System Software
  • System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs.
  • If we think of the computer system as a layered model, the system software is the interface between the hardware and user applications.
  • The operating system is the best-known example of system software.
  • The OS manages all the other programs on a computer.
  • System software is used to manage the computer itself.
    • It runs in the background, maintaining the computer's basic functions so users can run higher-level application software to perform certain tasks.
    • Essentially, system software provides a platform for application software to be run on top of.
• System software generally includes the following features:
  • High speed
    • System software must be as efficient as possible to provide an effective platform for higher-level software in the computer system.
  • Hard to manipulate
    • It often requires the use of a programming language, which is more difficult to use than a more intuitive user interface (UI).
  • Written in a low-level computer language
    • System software must be written in a computer language the central processing unit (CPU) and other computer hardware can read.
  • Close to the system
    • It connects directly to the hardware that enables the computer to run.
  • Versatile
    • System software must communicate with both the specialized hardware it runs on and the higher-level application software that is usually hardware-agnostic and often has no direct connection to the hardware it runs on. 
• The platform is hardware and software architecture that acts as a foundation or base upon which other applications, processes, or technologies are developed.
  • In computing, platform refers to basic hardware i.e., computer system, and software i.e., the operating system on which software applications are often run. 

The correct answer is EEPROM.

Key Points

• Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip,
• It is made up of EEPROM.
• EEPROM is the acronym of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory,
• EEPROM is a Programmable ROM that can be erased and reprogrammed using an electrical charge.
• It was first was developed by George Perlegos.
• It allows the user to update the computer BIOS without having to open the computer or remove any chips.
• It organized as arrays of floating-gate transistors.
• USB flash drive, Memory cards are the examples of flash memory storage.
• BIOS is stored in Flash memory chip.

Additional Information

• RDRAM is the acronym of Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory.
  • It is a video RAM.
• MROM is the acronym of Mask ROM.
  • It is produced by arranging transistors before the semiconductor manufacturing process actually begins.
• SRAM is the acronym of Static random-access memory
  • It uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit.
• PROM is the acronym of Programmable Read-Only Memory.
  • It can be modified only once by a user.

The correct answer is the Helium nucleus.

• Helium nucleus was the source of alpha particles in the Rutherford scattering experiment.
• Ernest Rutherford, a British scientist conducted an experiment and proposed the atomic structure of elements.

Key Points

• Rutherford conducted an experiment by bombarding a thin sheet of gold with α-particles.
• He then analysed the trajectory of these particles after their interaction with the gold foil.
• Since very few α-particles were deflected back, and only a few α-particles had nearly 180^o angle of deflection.
• Hence he concluded that the volume occupied by the positively charged particles in an atom is very small as compared to the total volume of an atom.

The correct answer is Scanner.

Key Points

• Scanner:
  • Scanner is an input device and can be used to scan images as well as text documents.
  • Scanner is not a pointing input device.
• ​Pointing device
  • A pointing device is an input interface that allows a user to input spatial data to a computer. 
  • Common pointing devices
    • Mouse
    • Trackball
    • Joystick
    • Pointing stick
    • Wii Remote
    • Finger tracking
    • Graphics tablet
    • Stylus
    • Finger tracking

Additional Information

• Track Ball:
  • The trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball housed in a socket containing sensors to detect rotation of the ball about two axes, similar to an upside-down mouse..
  • Tracker balls are commonly used on CAD workstations​
• Digitizing Tablet:
  • A digitizer tablet is a peripheral device that allows users to draw on a computer screen.
• Joystick:
  • A joystick is a lever-type device that can be moved in several directions.
  • Used to control the movement of an image on a computer or similar display screen.