Question Discussion & Solution

Concept:

Matter

• The thing which occupies space is called matter.
• The matter is made up of particles and based on the arrangement of particles matter has been classified into different states.
• The matter has 5 states, Solid, liquid, glass, Plasma, Bose - Einestine condensate.
• Solid, Liquid, and Gas are states of matter that we observe across our surroundings.
• The following table defines these three states.
   

The arrangement of particles in solid, liquid, and gas is shown in this diagram.

Explanation:

• The state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape is liquid.
• The liquid gets itself in the shape of its container. This can be easily observed.
  • If we keep liquid in the jug it will be according to its shape.
  • The shape will change if the same liquid is poured into a glass.
• Though the volume of the liquid does not change. It will remain the same.

Therefore the correct option is liquid.

The correct answer is Bit.

Key Points

• Bit 
  • ​A bit or binary digit is the smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer data.
  • It contains a single binary value of 0 or 1.
  • A single bit can define a boolean value of True(1) or False(0).
  • Generally, data transfer rates are measured in bits.
•  Binary Number System
  • ​It contains two unique digits 0s and 1s.
  • It is also known as the Base 2 system.
  • The binary numbers 0 and 1 are called a bit.
  • The computer always calculates input in binary form.
  • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed the binary system

Additional Information

• Byte
  • ​A byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.
  • A byte is the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in the computer.
• Nibble 
  • ​A nibble is a four-bit aggregation or half an octet.
  • it is also known as half-byte or tetrad.
• BCD
  • ​In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits.
  • It is implemented in the instruction set of machines.

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• Excessive consumption of alcoholic drinks causes damage to the Liver.
  • Alcohol is readily absorbed from the digestive tract, and up to 98% is metabolised in the liver.
  • Each liver cell contains three pathways for alcohol metabolism.
  • All of these result in the production of a highly toxic metabolite which can contribute to liver cell damage.
  • With regular alcohol use, the regenerative ability of liver cells may be inhibited and lead to sustained liver damage.
  • Long term heavy alcohol use may lead to fat accumulation in the liver, which may progress to alcoholic hepatitis, or liver cirrhosis.
  • Over time, excessive alcohol use can lead to the development of chronic diseases and other serious problems including -
    • High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems. 

Additional Information

• Kidney:
  • Healthy kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your blood.
  • But when your kidneys fail, wastes and extra fluid can build up in your blood and make you feel sick. 
  • Kidneys can become damaged from a physical injury or a disease like diabetes, high blood pressure, or other disorders.
  • High blood pressure and diabetes are the two most common causes of kidney failure.
  • Kidney failure does not happen overnight.
• Lungs:
  • Chronic alcohol abuse and heavy drinking can greatly increase the risk of several pulmonary conditions.
    • including lung disease, alcoholic pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer.
    • Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.
    • Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
• Heart:
  • Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels.
  • Increases in your blood pressure can also be caused by weight gain from excessive drinking.
  • Heavy drinking weakens the heart muscle, which means the heart can't pump blood as efficiently.
    • It's is known as cardiomyopathy and can cause death, usually through heart failure.

Concept:-

 Single linked list:

This list consists of a number of nodes in which each node has a next pointer to the following element. The link of the last node in the list is NULL, which indicates the end of the list.

Calculation:-

After perform ((Start → Next) → Next) the current link transfer to the third node of linked. And Third node data value is 128.

Hence the correct answer is 128.

• For most computer languages, the name of the file that holds the source code to a program is immaterial
• However, in Java the name given to a source file is very important
• The Java compiler requires that a source file uses the .java filename extension
• Only file.java follow the properties in the given options
• In Java, a source file is officially called a compilation unit; It is a text file that contains one or more class definitions