Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Liver.

Key Points

• The liver secretes bile juice, which is a digesting juice.
• Bile is stored in the gallbladder.
• Bilirubin and biliverdin, as well as bile salts and cholesterol, make up bile juice.
• Bile juice helps in the emulsification of fat.
• Large fat globules are broken down into smaller globules by bile juice, making it easier for pancreatic enzymes to act on them.
• The human liver is the largest gland in the body.
• The liver is situated on the right side of the stomach.
• The main function of the liver is to produce bile pigment.
• Ammonia and urea are produced in the liver.

Additional Information

• Insulin and Glucagon are the hormones secreted by the pancreas.
• The nutrients in digested food are absorbed from the small intestine.
• The stomach is a hollow organ that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes.

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• The outermost shell of a Magnesium element has two electrons.
  • 12 is the atomic mass for magnesium.
  • it is in group 2 of the periodic table, which it loses, so its outer shell is full (2,8).
  • it has a charge of +2, as it still has 12 protons (positive charges) and now has only 10 electrons (negative charges).
  • Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras, and power tools.
  • It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur. 
• Outermost Shell :
  • This outermost shell is known as the valence shell, and the electrons found in it are called valence electrons.
  • In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full.

Additional Information

• Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6.
  • It is nonmetallic and tetravalent-making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.
  • It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. 
  • Carbon typically shares electrons to achieve a complete valence shell, forming bonds with multiple other atoms.
• Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5.
  • The boron atom has only six electrons in its outer shell, leading to an electron deficiency.
  • This molecule has 12 valence shell electrons, 3 each from the B atoms, and 1 each from the six H atoms.
    • Electrons per shell: 2,3
    • Atomic Mass: 10.811 g/mol
• Chlorine atom consists of 17 protons (positively charged sub-atomic particles) in the atom's nucleus (central region), balanced by seventeen electrons (negatively charged sub-atomic particles) distributed around the nucleus.

Concept:

• The laws dealing with ideal gases naturally called ideal gas laws, and the laws determined in the seventeenth century by Boyle's observational work and in the eighteenth century by Charles.
• The Boyles Law states that the gas pressure is inversely proportional to the gas volume for a given mass of gas stored at a constant temperature.
• Charles Law states that the gas volume is directly proportional to the gas temperature for a given fixed mass of gas stored at a constant pressure. 
• An ideal gas is a gas that follows the equation:

PV = nRT at all temperatures and pressure, where P = Pressure of the ideal gas. V = Volume of the ideal gas n = Amount of ideal gas measured in terms of moles 

R = Universal gas constant T = Temperature

Mole Concept -

•  The quantity one mole of a substance signifies 6.022 × 1023 number of particles of that substance which may be atoms, molecules, or ions.
• The quantity is a universal constant like Dozen, Gross, etc., and is known as Avogadro number, denoted by NA. after the scientist Amedeo Avogadro.
• Examples- In one mole of H2, there are 6.022 × 1023 molecules of hydrogen, and the number of atoms is 2 × 6.022 × 1023, as one molecule of hydrogen contains two-atom each.
• The mass of one mole of a substance is called its Molar Mass (M) or Atomic mass expressed in grams.
• The volume occupied by a mole of gas is 22.4 L at NTP, called its Molar Volume.
• The no. of moles (n) is calculated as =

The number of particles / Avogadro’s number.

To summarise, we can say, 

Calculation:

• The molar mass of 1 mole of H₂SO₄ is =

2 × 1 + 32 + 4 × 16 = 98g

• The molar mass of 1 mole of Silver, Ag is its molecular mass 108g.
• The molar mass of CO₂ is = 12 + 2× 16 = 44g.
• 44g of CO₂ means one mole.
• 1 mole of Oxygen weighs 16 + 16 = 32g.
• Hence, the highest mass is of 1 mole of Ag.

Concept:

Block-container is a block-level formatting object that wraps blocks into a bigger block area with additional attributes to control its size, writing-mode, reference-orientation, etc. Its content is limited to a sequence of blocks only.

A "block-container" formatting object has the following main attributes:

• width="..." and height="..." - Optional attributes to specify the width and height of output block area. Default values are automatically calculated.
• writing-mode="..." - Similar to region-body[@writing-mode].
• reference-orientation="..." - Similar to region-body[@reference-orientation].
• Other attributes are similar to "block" elements.

The correct answer is four.

Key Points

• Crocodiles have four-chamber hearts. All reptiles have incomplete four-chamber hearts except Crocodiles.

Additional Information

• Endotherm or Homeotherm have well developed four-chamber heart. Examples:- Birds and mammals. 
  • They can maintain constant body temperature.
• Poikilotherm or Ectotherm do not have a well-developed heart, so they can not maintain constant body temperature. Examples:- Amphibians and reptiles.
• Fishes have a two-chamber heart.
• Amphibians have three-chamber heart.
• The cockroach has thirteen chamber hearts.