Question Discussion & Solution

The correct answer is Bahlul Khan Lodhi.

Key Points

• Bahlul Khan Lodhi is the founder ruler of the Lodhi Dynasty.

Additional Information 

• Lodi Dynasty (1451 to 1526)
  • Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489 AD)
    • He was the founder of the Lodi dynasty.
    • He served as the Subedar (Governor) of Lahore and Sirhind during the reign of Muhammad Shah.
    • He tried to re-establish the greatness of the Delhi Sultanate, hence he had recaptured the areas around Delhi.
    • His most successful war was against the ruler of Jaunpur "Mahmud Shah Sharki".
    • The territories conquered by Bahlol Lodi were Mewat (Ahmed Khan), Sambhal (Dariya Khan), Kol (Isa Khan), Suket (Mubarak Khan), Manipur and Bhongaon (Raja Pratap Singh), Rewari (Qutub Khan), Etawah And Chandawar.
    • In 1498 AD, the able son of Bahlol Lodi, Nizam Shah, came to power in the name of "Sultan Sikandar Shah".
  • Sikandar Shahi (1489-1517 A.D.)Ibrahim Lodi (1518-1526)
    • He was the most qualified of three Lodi rulers who had conquered the king of Bihar and Tirhut.
    • Sikandar Lodi expanded his empire by conquering areas like Dholpur and Chanderi.
    • He kept a strict vigil on his nobles and jagirdars and strictly suppressed the rebellion carried out by them.
    • He had established an efficient espionage system and also arranged for the checking of government accounts.
    • He reduced the restrictions placed on trade, which boosted the economic prosperity of the people. For the measurement of agricultural land, he introduced a "Gaja-e- Sikandari" (Alexander Yard)  or 32 inches.
    • He shifted his capital from Delhi to Agra, which was established by him.
  • Ibrahim Lodi
    • Ibrahim Lodi was stubborn and intolerant which were not good qualities in a ruler.
    • Nobles were killed cruelly and many nobles were humiliated by Ibrahim Lodi.
    • He also treated his son Dilwar Khan Lodi cruelly.
    • Invasion of India was done by Kabul ruler, Babur, at the behest of Daulat Khan, a very powerful noble from Punjab.
    • In the 1st battle of Panipat in the year 1526 A.D, Ibrahim Lodi faced defeat at the hands of Babur

Here the pattern is,

4320 ÷ 6 = 720,

720 ÷ 5 = 144,

144 ÷ 4 = 36,

36 ÷ 3 = 12,

12 ÷ 2 = 6

Let’s check each option,

Thus, the sequence is wxwzwy wxwzwy wxwzwy.

The correct answer is Methane.

Key Points

• Methane (CH4)
  • It is the simplest hydrocarbon consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms and the simplest hydrocarbon, is the most abundant hydrocarbon pollutant.
  • It is a powerful greenhouse gas.
  • Major natural sources of methane include emissions from wetlands, and oceans and from the digestive processes of termites.
  • Methane is more than 25 times as potent as carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the atmosphere.

Additional Information

• Butane is a gaseous component (at room temperature and atmospheric pressure) of the Alkane group having the chemical formula is C4H10.
• It is a colourless, highly flammable, and easily liquefied gas.
• In the abundance of oxygen, it forms Carbon dioxide, but if limited oxygen is available, then it forms Carbon Monoxide.

2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O                   (oxygen in plenty)

2C4H10 + 9O2 → 8CO + 10H2O                      (oxygen is limited)

• Uses –
  • Gasoline blending
  • Fuel gas
  • Fragrance extraction solvent
  • Feedstock for the manufacture of ethylene and butadiene
  • Ingredient for synthetic rubber
  • Isobutane to enhance the Octane number of gasoline in refineries.
• A propane molecule has three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen bonds and has the formula C3H8. 
• Propane is a colourless, easily liquefied, gaseous hydrocarbon (compound of carbon and hydrogen) and the third member of the paraffin series following methane and ethane.
• Propane is produced as a by-product of two other processes, natural gas processing and petroleum refining.
• It is separated in large quantities from natural gas, light crude oil, and oil-refinery gases and is commercially available as liquefied propane or as a major constituent of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
• Uses: 
  • It is used in LPG, also used as biofuel in buses and taxis and it is also the main gas in blowtorches and for hot air balloons.
  • Propane gas has become a popular choice for barbecues and portable stoves because its low boiling point makes it vaporize as soon as it is released from its pressurized container.
• The chemical formula of Ethane is C2H6.
• It is a colourless, odourless gas at normal temperature and pressure.
• It is extracted from natural gas on an industrial scale and is a petrochemical by-product of petroleum refining.
• Michael Faraday first synthesized it in 1834, using the electrolysis of a solution of potassium acetate.

Today most countries in the world have a Constitution. While all democratic countries are likely to have a Constitution, it is not necessary that all countries that have a Constitution are democratic.

Important Points

Key features of the Indian Constitution:

• Federalism:
  • This refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.
  • In India, we have governments at the state level, at the centre and Panchayati Raj at the village level.
  • The Constitution contains lists that detail the issues that each tier of government can make laws on.
  • In addition, the Constitution also specifies where each tier of government can get the money from, for the work that it does.
  • All persons in India are governed by laws and policies made by each of these levels of government.
• Parliamentary form of government:
  • The people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can contest in elections.
• Separation of powers:
  • There are 3 organs of government:
    • The legislature: refers to elected representatives by the people.
    • The executive: is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government.
    • The judiciary: refers to the system of courts in India.
  • Each organ mentioned above acts as a check on the other organs of government. This ensures the balance of power between all three.
• Fundamental rights:
  • The constitution guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. It also guarantees the rights of minorities against the majority.
  • The Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution include:
    • Right to Equality
    • Right to Freedom
    • Right against Exploitation
    • Right to Freedom of Religion
    • Cultural and Educational Rights
    • Right to Constitutional Remedies

From the above, we can conclude that the Presidential form of government is not a feature of the Indian constitution.