Question Discussion & Solution

Below are a few types of Unconditional Control Structures

The “break” Statement

A break statement terminates the execution of the loop and the control is transferred to the statement immediately following the loop. 

Syntax : Jump-statement;  break;

The “continue” Statement

The continue statement is used to bypass the remainder of the current pass through a loop.

 Syntax : Jump-statement;  Continue;

The “goto” Statement

C supports the “goto” statement to branch unconditionally from one point to another in the program.

Syntax :

goto label;
.............
.............
.............
label:
statement;

Return Statement :

The return statement terminates the execution of a function and returns control to the calling function. Execution resumes in the calling function at the point immediately following the call.

 Syntax : Jump-statement: return expression;

 Therefore answer is goto statement i.e, Option 4 

The correct answer is Amarkantak.

• Amarkantak is the origin of Narmada river.

Key Points

• The Narmada river rises to the summit of the Amarkantak Hill in Madhya Pradesh.
• The Narmada river flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
• The river drains into the Arabian Sea in the Bharuch district of Gujarat.

Additional Information

• The Narmada and the Tapti rivers are west flowing.
• Narmada and Tapti are the largest River without Delta.
• Satpura Range:
  • It is a series of seven mountains running in East-West direction to the South of Vindhya and in between the Narmada and Tapi.
  • It comprises Rajpipla hills, Mahadeo hills and Maikal Range.
  • Satpuras are fold mountains and Dhupgarh is its highest peak. 

The correct answer is Rape.

• Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code deals with crimes related to Rape.

Key Points

• Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code:
  • It deals with the punishment related to sexual assault and harassment.

Additional Information

• Section 316 of The Indian Penal Code deals with Foeticide.
• Section 498 of The Indian Penal Code deals with Domestic Violence.

The correct answer is 172.

• Article 172 of the Indian Constitution relates to the tenure of the state legislature.

Key Points

• State Legislature:
  • Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI of the Constitution deals with the organization, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers of the state legislature.
  • States having bicameral legislatures are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. 
    • {Trick to Remember- KUMBAT- Karnatak, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana}
  • The legislature's maximum strength is fixed at 500 and minimum strength at 60.
  • Article 172 deals with the Duration of State Legislatures.

Additional Information 

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

When a process requests for the resource that is been held another process that needs another resource to continue, but is been held by the first process, then it is called a deadlock.

There are 4 conditions necessary for the occurrence of a deadlock.

Mutual Exclusion:

Only one process can hold a resource at a time. In other words, if a process P1 is utilizing a resource R at a specific moment in time, another process P2 cannot hold or utilize the same resource R at that same moment. Process P2 can make a request for that resource R, but it cannot use it at the same time as process P1.

Hold and Wait:

A process can hold several resources at the same time while also requesting resources from another process. A process P1, for example, can have two resources R1 and R2 while also requesting a resource R3 that is currently owned by process P2.

No preemption:

A resource cannot be forcibly removed from a process by another process. If a process P1 is using a resource R, for example, another process P2 cannot take that resource by force. If that's the case, what's the point of using different scheduling algorithms?  Process P2 can make a request for the resource R and then wait for process P1 to liberate it.

Circular Wait:

The first process is waiting for the resource held by the second process, and the second process is waiting for the resource held by the third process, and so on. Finally, the last process is waiting for the first process's resource. As a result, each process is waiting for the other to release the resource, with no one releasing their own. Everyone is waiting for the resource to arrive. This is referred to as a circular wait.

Hence the correct answer is Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, and Circular Wait.